考研英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作資料匯總

英文寫(xiě)作中常用的邏輯詞匯

1.并列關(guān)系

and,furthermore,morethanthat,also,likewise,moreover,inaddition,whatismore,fbrinstance,forexample

2.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

although,however,onthecontrary,but,inspiteof,nevertheless,yet,otherwise,despite

3.順序關(guān)系

first,second,third,andsoon,then,after,before,next

4.因果關(guān)系

asaresult,for,thus,because,fbrthisreason,so,therefore,as,since,consequently,onaccountof

5.歸納關(guān)系

asaresult,finally,therefore,accordingly,inshort,thus,consequently,inconclusion,so,inbrief,inaword

幾個(gè)用得比較多的句子：

AsfarasIamconcerned,theadvantagesof...outweighitsdisadvantages.Nevertheless,thedisadvantagesof...

isundeniable.

Tosumup/Ingeneral/Onthewhole/Inbrief?Inshort/Inaword,itistruethat...bringaboutbothpositiveand

negativeresults.Butwecantryourbesttoreducethenegativeinfluencetotheleastextent.

Obviously,ineveryaspect,...

Thisdiagramunfoldsaclearcomparisonbetween...and...

Astotheotherthree,thoughthegrowthrateswerenotsohigh,theywereindeedremarkableandimpressive.

英文作文中常用套句

下文中出現(xiàn)的A,B,中(某事物),"sb"(somebody),

要在寫(xiě)作中要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行適當(dāng)替換.

開(kāi)頭：

Whenitcomestosomethink...

Thereisapublicdebatetodaythat...

Aisacommenwayof…，butisitawiseone?

Recentalytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocus.

提出觀點(diǎn)：

Nowthereisagrowingawarenessthat...

Itistimeweexplorethetruthof...

Nowhereinhistoryhastheissuebeenmorevisible.

進(jìn)一步提出觀點(diǎn)：

...butthatisonlypartofthehistory.

Anotherequallyimportantaspectis...

Aisbutoneofthemanyeffects.Anotheris...

Besides,otherreasonsare...

提出假想例子的方式：

Supposethat...

Justimaginewhatwouldbelikeif...

Itisreasonabletoexpect...

Itisnotsurprisingthat...

舉普通例子：

Forexample(instance),...

...suchasA,B,Candsoon(soforth)

Agoodcaseinpointis...

Aparticularexampleforthisis...

引用：

Oneofthegreatestearlywriterssaid...

nKnowledgeispower",suchistheremardof...

”.....Thatishowsbcomment(criticize/praise...).

”.....Howoftenwehearsuchwordslikethere.

講故事

(先說(shuō)故事主體),thisstoryisnotrare.

suchdelimmaweoftenmeetindailylife.

thestorystillhasarealisticsignificance.

提出原因：

Therearemanyreasonsfor...

Why....,foronething,...

Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.

Anydiscussionaboutthisproblemwouldinevitablyinvolves...

Thefirstreasoncanbeobiviouslyseen.

Mostpeoplewouldagreethat...

Somepeoplemayneglectthatinfact...

Otherssuggestthat...

Partoftheexplanationis...

進(jìn)行對(duì)比：

TheadvantagesforAforoutweighthedisadvantagesof...

AlthoughAenjoysadistinctadvantage...

Indeed,AcarriesmuchweightthanBwhensthisconcerned.

Amaybe...,butitsuffersfromthedisadvantagethat...

承上啟下：

Tounderstandthetruthof...,itisalsoimportanttosee...

Astudyof...willmakethispointclear

讓步：

Certainly,Bhasitsownadvantages,suchas...

IdonotdenythatAhasitsownmerits.

結(jié)尾：

>Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydraw

theconclusionthat...

Insummary,itiswiser...

Inshort...

在作文中引用合適的名言警句，會(huì)給你的文章增色許多。這里收集了我本人喜愛(ài)的一些名言，可能會(huì)對(duì)你有

用。我們使用引用的位置可以在開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾或正文段落中，

常見(jiàn)的使用形式如下：

Oneofthegreatestearlywriterssaid...

"Knowledgeispower11,suchistheremardof...

”.....Thatishowsbcomment(criticize/praise...).

”.....Howoftenwehearsuchwordslikethere.

Usefulquotations

逆境

byRobertCollier

Ineveryadversitythereliestheseedofanequivalentadvantage.Ineverydefeatthereisalessonshowingyou

howtowinthevictorynexttime.

努力與成功

byAnnLanders

Opportunitiesareusuallydisguisedashardwork,somostpeopledon*trecognizethem.

堅(jiān)持

byRalphWaldoEmerson

Noonecancheatyououtofultimatesuccessbutyourselves.

Confucius孔子

Ourgreatestgloryisnotinneverfalling...

butinrisingeverytimewefall.

堅(jiān)持

MotherTeresa

Tokeepalampburningwehavetokeepputtingoilinit.

HenryFord

Nothingisparticularlyhardifyoudivideitinuosmalljobs.

WinstonChurchill

Never,never,never,nevergiveup.

AlbertEinstein

Inuhemiddleofdifficultyliesopportunity.

努力與成功

byCrassus

Thosewhoaimatgreatdeedsmustsuffergreatly.

ThomasEdison

Thereisnosubstitutefbrhardwork.

LeoTolstoi

Thestrongestofallwarriorsarethesetwo-TimeandPatience.

ThomasJefferson

I'magreatbelieverinluck,

andIfindtheharderIwork...

themoreIhaveofit.

RobertCollier

Successisthesumofsmallefforts,repeateddayinanddayout.

RayA.Croc

Luckisadividendofsweat.Themoreyousweat,theluckieryouget.

實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)與間接經(jīng)驗(yàn)

You*lllearnmoreaboutaroadbytravelingit...

thanbyconsultingallthemapsintheworld.

動(dòng)機(jī)與結(jié)果

VinceLombardi

Winningisn'teverything...

butwantingtowinis.

JohnF.Kennedy

Wechoosetogo!tothemoonandotherthings,ootbecausetheyareeasy,butbecausetheyarehard.

Thucydides

Thestrongdowhattheywill.

Theweakdowhattheymust.

為人態(tài)度：

JohnWooden

TalentisGodgiven-BeHumble.

Fameismangiven-BeThankful.

Conceitisselfgiven-BeCareful.

行動(dòng)：

TheodoreRoosevelt

Dowhatyoucan,withwhatyouhave,withwhereyouare.

PubliliusSyrusMaxim

Nooneknowswhathecandotillhetries.

Terence

Thereisnothingsoeasybutthatitbecomesdifficultwhenyoudoitreluctantly.

ThomasFuller

Awisemanturnschanceintogoodfortune.

WilliamHazlitt

Prosperityisagreatteacher;

adversityisagreater.

WilliamPenn

Nopains,nopalm;

nothorns,nothrone;

nogall,noglory;

nocross,nocrown.

WillRogers

Evenifyou'reontherighttrack,you'llgetrunover...ifyoujustsitthere.

Opportunityrarelyknocksonyourdoor.

Knockratheronopportunit/sdoorifyouardentlywishtoenter.

成功與失敗

VinceLombardi

It'snotwhetheryougetknockeddown.

…It'swhetheryougetupagain.

WinstonChurchill

Anoptimistseesanopportunityineverycalamity;

apessimistseesacalamityineveryopportunity.

熱情（年輕/年老）

RalphWaldoEmerson

Nothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm.

信心

JamesAllen

Thewilltodospringsfromtheknowledgethatwecando.

SamuelJohnson

Fewthingsareimpossibletodiligenceandskill.

Aughey

Losttimeisneverfoundagain.

Voltaire

Noproblemcanstandtheassaultofsustainedthinking.

Napoleon

Victorybelongstothemostpersevering.

細(xì)心

Euipides

Leavenostoneunturned.

計(jì)劃與工作

NormanVincentPeale

Planyourworkfortodayandeveryday;

thenworkyourplan.

HenryFord

Failureisonlytheopportunitytomoreintelligentlybeginagain.

ThomasEdison

Istartwherethelastmanleftoff.

理想與現(xiàn)實(shí)

Whatthemindofmancanconceiveandbelieve,

themindofamancanachieve.

勤奮

BenjaminFranklin

Ploughdeepwhilesluggardssleep.

目標(biāo)

HenryDavidThoreau

Inthelonerunmenhitonlywhattheyaimat.

幸運(yùn)

EmilyDickinson

Luckisnotchance...

It'stoil...

Fortune'sexpensivesmileisearned.

勤奮

ThomasEdison

Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration.

UsefulQuotations

想象力

AlbertEinstein

Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.

挑戰(zhàn)：

WalterBegehot

Thegreatpleasureinlifeisdoingwhatpeoplesayyoucannotdo.

機(jī)會(huì)與準(zhǔn)備

AbrahamLincoln

Iwillprepareandsomedaymychancewillcome.

信心與事實(shí)

HenryFord

Whetheryouthinkyoucanorthinkyoucan*t—youareright.

EnglishProverb

Wherethere'sawilltherefsaway.

Thereisnofailureexceptingnolongertrying.

Luckiswhathappenswhenpreparationmeetsopportunity.

能為四六級(jí)寫(xiě)作加分的精彩好句

一、用于駁性和比較性論文

1.Ingeneral,1don'tagreewith

2.Inmyopinion,thispointofviewdoesn'tholdwater.

3.Thechiefreasonwhy...isthat...

4.Thereisnotruethat...

5.Itisnottruethat...

6.Itcanbeeasilydeniedthan...

7.Wehavenoreasontobelievethat...

8.Whatismoreseriousisthat...

9.Butitispitythat...

10.Besides,weshouldnotneglectthat...

11.Buttheproblemisnotsosimple.Therefore...

12.Othersmayfindthistobetrue,butIbelieverthat...

13.PerhapsIwasquestionwhy...

14.Thereisacertainamountoftruthinthis,butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto...

15.Thoughweareinbasicagreementwith...,but

16.WhatseemstobethetroubleisA

17.Yetdifferenceswillbefound,that'swhyIfeelthat...

18.Itwouldbereasonabletotaketheviewthatbutitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthat...

19.Thereisinfactonreasonforussobelievethat...

20.Whatthesepeoplefailtoconsideristhat...

21.Itisonethingtoinsistthat...,itisquiteanothertoshowthat...

22.WonderfulasAis,however,ithasitsowndisadvantagestoo.

23.TheadvantagesofBaremuchgreaterthanA.

24.A'sadvantagesoundsridiculouswhenB'sadvantagesaretakenintoconsideration.

二、用于描寫(xiě)圖表和數(shù)據(jù)

1.Ithasincreasedbythreetimesascomparedwiththatof1998.

2.Thereisanincreaseof20%intotalthisyear.

3.Ithasbeenincreasedbyafactorof4since1995.

4.Itwouldbeexpectedtoincrease5times.

5.Thetableshowsathreetimesincreaseoverthatoflastyear.

6.Itwasdecreasedtwicethanthatoftheyear1996.

7.Thetotalnumberwasloweredby10%.

8.Itrosefrom10-15percentofthetotalthisyear.

9.Comparedwith1997,itfellfrom15to10percent.

10.Thenumberis5timesasmuchasthatof1995.

11.Ithasdecreasedalmosttwoandhalftimes,comparedwith...

三、用于解釋性和闡述性論說(shuō)文

1.Everybodyknowsthat...

2.Itcanbeeasilyprovedthat...

3.Itistruethat...

4.Noonecandenythat

5.Onethingwhichisequallyimportanttotheabovementionedis...

6.Thechiefreasonisthat...

7.Wemustrecognizethat...

8.Thereisondoubtthat...

9.Iamoftheopinionthat...

10.Thiscanbeexpressedasfollows;

11.Totake...fbranexample...

12.Wehavereasontobelievethat

13.Nowthatweknowthat...

14.Amongthemostconvincingreasonsgiven,oneshouldbementioned...

15.Thechangein...largelyresultsfromthefactthat

16.Thereareseveralcausesforthissignificantgrowthin...,firstsecondfinally...

17.Anumberoffactorscouldaccountforthedevelopmentin...

18.Perhapstheprimaryreasonis...

19.Itischieflyresponsibleof...

20.Thereasonsfor...arecomplicated,Andprobablytheyarefoundinthefact...

21.Hereareseveralpossiblereasons,excerptthat...

22.Somebodybelieves/argues/holds/insists/thinksthat...

23.Itisnotsimpletogivethereasonforthiscomplicatedphenomenon...

24.Differentpeopleobservesitindifferentways.

四、用于文章的開(kāi)頭

1.Astheproverbsays...

2.Itgoeswithoutsayingtan...

3.Generallyspeaking...

4.Itisquiteclearthanbecause...

5.Itisoftensaidthat...

6.Manypeopleoftenasksuchquestion:"...?”

7.Moreandmorepeoplehavecometorealize...

8.Thereisnodoubtthat...

9.Somepeoplebelievethat...

10.Thesedaysweareoftenoldthat,butisthisreallythecase?

11.Onegreatmansaidthat...

12.Recentlytheissueof...hasbeenbroughttopublicattention.

13.Inthepastseveralyearstherehasbeen...

14.Nowitiscommonlyheldthat...butIdoubtwhether...

15.Currentlythereisawidespreadconcernthat...

16.Nowpeopleingrowingnumberarecomingtorealizethat...

17.Thereisageneraldiscussiontodayabouttheissueof...

18.Facedwith...,quiteafewpeoplearguethat...,butotherpeopleconceivedifferently.

五、用于文章的結(jié)尾

1.fromthispointofview...

2.inaword...

3.inconclusion...

4.onaccountofthiswecanfindthat...

5.theresultisdependenton...

6.therefore,thesefindingsrevealthefollowinginfbnnation:

7.thus,thisisthereasonwhywemust...

8.tosumup...

9.asfaras...beconcerned,Ibelievethat...

10.Itisobviousthat...

11.Thereislittledoubtthat...

12.Thereisnoimmediatesolutiontotheproblemof...,but...mightbehelpful

13.Noneofthesolutionsisquitesatisfactory.Theproblemshouldbeexaminedinanewway.

14.Itishightimethatweputconsiderableemphasison...

15.Takingintoaccountallthesefactors,wemaysafelyreachtheconclusionthat...

六、用于論證和說(shuō)明

1.Asitisdescribedthat...

2.Ithasbeenillustratedthat...

3.Itprovidesagoodexampleof...

4.Wemayciteanotherinstanceof...

5.Historymanprovidesuswiththeexamplesof...

6.Anumberoffurtherfactsmaybeadded...

7.Thesituationisnotunique,itistypicalofdozensIhaveheard.

8.Arecentinvestigationindicatethat...

9.Accordingtothestatisticsprovided...

10.Accordingtoalateststudy,itcanbepredicted...

11.Thereisnosufficientevidencetoshowthat...

12.Allavailableevidencepointstothefactthat...

13.Examplesgivenleadsmetoconcludethat...

14.Itrevealstheunquestionablefactthat...

15.Theideamaybeprovedbyfacts...

16.Allthefactssuggestthat...

17.Noonecandenythefactthat...

18.Wemayfacetheundeniablefactthat...

?表示比較和對(duì)照關(guān)系的句型：

1)AistoBwhat/asCistoD(A之于B猶如C之于D).

2)Justas...,so...

3)AandBhavesthincommon.

4)AissimilartoB.

5)Thesameistrueof,Thesamecanbesaidof(....也是如此).

6)TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanB.

7)comparedwithB,Ahasmanyadvantages.

8)Theadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantages(利大于弊).

9)WonderfulasAis,however,ithasitsowndisadvantagestoo.

10)AlthoughAenjoysconsiderableadvantageover...,itcannotcompetewithBin...

11)Contrarytowidelyacceptedviews,Ibelievethat...

12)Whatpeoplefailtoconsideristhat...

13)Itisonethingtoinsistthat...,itisquiteanothertoshowthat...

14)Nothingcanrival...(....是無(wú)與倫比的)

15)...hasdrawbacksaswellasmerits.

16)Aissuperior(inferior)toB.

17)...variesfrompersontoperson(....是因人而異的)

18)Aisjusttheopposite(toB)

19)AdiffersfromBinthat...(A不同于B在于..)

20)...isnotthesame(as)

?過(guò)渡性句型：

1)thisistruethat...

2)Thisistrue,nodoubt,but...

3)...also...

4)Itisonethingto...;itisanotherto...

?描寫(xiě)圖表和數(shù)據(jù)的句型

1)...rankfirst(both)in...

2)...inproportionto...

3)Aisbyfarthelargest...

4)Asmanyas....

5)Thenumberis...timesasmuchasthatof...

6)Thefigurehasnearlydoubled/tripled,asagainstthatoflastyear.

7)Itaccountsfor35%of...

8)Bycomparisonwithitdecreased/increased/fellfrom...to...

9)...riserapidly(slowly)

10)...remainlevel...

11)...reach...

12)Thereisaslight/slow/steady/rapidrise/increase

demand./income./population./prices./production./decrease/decline/reduction/fall/dropin

13)beontheincrease/decrease/rise/decline(.......在不斷的增加，減少，上升，下降)

?圖表作文中的過(guò)渡、概括句型：

1)Ascanbeindicatedinthetable,...

2)Aswecouldfindoutlater,...

3)Asisrevealedinthetable,...

4)Asthesurveyresultsshow,...

5)Thistableprovidesseveralimportantpointsofcomparison

between,...

6)Thetwographsdepictthesamethingin...

7)Thekeyfindingstakenfromthesurveysareasfollows:

8)Accordingtothefiguresgiveninthetable,...

9)Thischartshowsthat...

10)Asisshownbythegraph,...

11)Itcanbeseenfromthestatisticsthat...

12)Itisgenerallybelieved/accepted/thought/held...

?說(shuō)明原因的句型：

1)Therearesome/two/manygoodreasonsfor.../todo...

2)Wehavetwogoodreasonsfor...

3)Thereasonfor...isthat+從句

4)Amongthemostconvincingreasonsgivenbypeoplefor...,oneshouldbementioned...

5)Onemaythinkofthetrendasaresultof...

6)Thechangein...largelyresultsfromthefactthat...

7)Thereareseveralcausesforthissignificantgrowthin...irst...

8)Anumberoffactorscouldaccountforthe....

9)Itisnosimpletasktogivethereasonfor...

10)Thecauseof/reasonforhigherpriceswasanincreaseindemand.

11)Because/As/Nowthat/Sincethedemandhasincreased,thepricesarehigher.

12)Anincreaseindemandcauses/resultsin/leadsto/produceshigherprices.

13)Thedemandhasincreased.

14)Therefore,/Asaresult,/Forthisreason,/Becauseofthis,/Consequently,thepricesarehigher.

15)Ifthereisanincreaseindemand,thenpricesrise./goup./boost./arehigher.

16)Differentpeoplelookat...indifferentways...

?表示不同看法的句型：

1)Differentpeoplehave/holddifferentopinions/viewsonthequestion/problem/matter.Somebelievethat

Othersarguethat...:Stillothersmaintainthat

2)Theyarequitedifferentfromeachotherintheiropinions.

3)Somepeopleholdtheopinionthatitisgoodto....

4)Theythinkquitedifferentlyonthisquestion.

5)Opinionsvaryfromindividualtoindividual,fromculturetoculture.

?表示必須，緊急，有困難做某事的句型：

1)Itisimportant(necessary,urgent,difficult,easy,convenient,comfortable,expensive,desirable,advisable)for

sb.todosth.

2)...havetrouble/difficulty/ahardtime/adifficulttime(in)doingsth.(有困難做某事)

英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作20字訣

Agreement:主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱、數(shù)上的一致,關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的一致。

Ambiguity:盡量不去使用可能引起歧義的詞語(yǔ)或句子。

Brief:文章"簡(jiǎn)為貴"，要抓住要點(diǎn)，簡(jiǎn)明扼要。

Coherence:文理通順，前后連貫。

Development:主題的發(fā)揮應(yīng)當(dāng)充分、合理、正確。

Division:詞匯、句子、段落要分配使用得當(dāng)，劃分要清楚，避免使用重復(fù)字句和種子片段。

Figures:正確合理使用各類修辭格式。

Inflateddiction:不使用做作的語(yǔ)言。

Key:用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)鍵詞突出主題,每段都應(yīng)有主題句。

Logical:內(nèi)容要符合邏輯。

Message:信息要新鮮、確實(shí)、可信。

Omit:合理刪除多余的不必要部分。

Proposition:主張、觀點(diǎn)、論述要清楚肯切、合情入理。

Punctuation:正確適時(shí)使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。

Relevant:文章一定要要題。

Sentencepattern:句型要盡量多樣化。

Strait:開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，直來(lái)直去。

Style:文體恰切，適合內(nèi)容要求。

Tense:動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要正確、一致、變化合理。

Theme:選題得當(dāng)，主題突出。

1.開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，揭示主題

文章一開(kāi)頭,，就交待清楚文章的主題是什么。如“HowISpentMyVacation”（我怎樣度假）的開(kāi)頭是：

ISpentmylastvacationhappily.

下面是題為“Honesty”（談?wù)\實(shí)）一文中的開(kāi)頭:

Honestyisoneofthebestvirtues.Anhonestmanisalwaystrustedandrespected.Onthecontrary,onewhotells

liesisregardedasa"liar”,andislookeduponbyhonestpeople.

2.交代人物、事情、時(shí)間或環(huán)境開(kāi)頭

在文章的開(kāi)頭，先把人物、事件和環(huán)境交待清楚。例如"ATriptoJinshan”（去金山旅游）的開(kāi)頭：

ThedaybeforeyesterdaymyclasswentonabustriptoJinshan.Thebusridetheretookthreehours.Thelongtrip

madeusverytired,butthesightofthebeautifulsearefreshedus.

3.回憶性的開(kāi)頭

用回憶的方法來(lái)開(kāi)頭。例如"ATriptotheTaishanMountain”（泰山游）的開(kāi)頭是：

IremembermyfirsttriptotheTaishanMountainasifitwereyesterday.

4.概括性的開(kāi)頭

即對(duì)要在文章中敘述的人或事先作一個(gè)概括性的介紹。如“TheHappinessofReadingBooks”（讀書(shū)的快樂(lè)）的

開(kāi)頭：

Peopleoftensaythatgoldandsilverarethemostvaluablethingsintheworld.ButIsaythattoreadbooksismore

valuablethananythingelse,becausebooksgiveusknowledgeandknowledgegivesuspower.

5.介紹環(huán)境式的開(kāi)頭

即開(kāi)頭利用自然景物或自然環(huán)境引出要介紹的事物。如“AnAccident^一場(chǎng)事故）的開(kāi)頭是：

Itwasarainyandwindymorning.Theskywasgloomy,thetemperaturewaslow,andthestreetwasnearlyempty.

Iwasonmywaybacktoschool.Suddenly,aspeedingcarcameroundthecomer.

6.交待寫(xiě)作目的的開(kāi)頭。

在文章的一開(kāi)頭就交待寫(xiě)作目的，如通過(guò)文章要表?yè)P(yáng)誰(shuí),批評(píng)誰(shuí)，或說(shuō)明一個(gè)什么問(wèn)題等。如"Pollution

Control"（控制污染）的開(kāi)頭：

InthisarticleIshalldrawyourattentiontothesubjectofpollutioncontrol.

英語(yǔ)作文的文章的正文

文章的正文是由若干段落組成的，段落通常由幾個(gè)或者更多的句子組成,有時(shí)候一個(gè)句子也能成段。

文章的正文應(yīng)以文章的開(kāi)頭為線索，具體地?cái)⑹?、說(shuō)明或論證文章的主題。文章不論長(zhǎng)短，每個(gè)段落都必須

為主題服務(wù)。像說(shuō)明文和議論文這一類的文章，一個(gè)主題還常分成幾個(gè)小主題，每個(gè)小主題要用一個(gè)段落處

理，另起一段時(shí)，應(yīng)是一層新的意思。每一段的開(kāi)頭,要放一個(gè)表示段落小主題的主題句，這樣可使文章條理化,

易于閱讀,便于讀者抓住主題。段內(nèi)的所有句子應(yīng)圍繞主題句的意義加以闡述或論證，為中心思想服務(wù)。句

子之間應(yīng)銜結(jié)自然，有條不紊，而且還要合乎邏輯，段落中不能出現(xiàn)任何與主題無(wú)關(guān)的句子;英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作比較重

視主題句的作用，缺少它段落意義就會(huì)含糊不清。主題句也可放在段落的中間和末尾等部位，但對(duì)初學(xué)者來(lái)

說(shuō)，以放在段首為好。見(jiàn)下列這篇題為“HowtoBeaGoodStudent"（怎樣做個(gè)好學(xué)生）的文章：

Westudentsarcthebuildersandmastersofthecountry.Itisimportantforustoknowhowtobeagoodstudent.

Agoodstudent,Ithink,shouldbediligentinhisstudies.Themorehestudies,themorehewillincreasehis

knowledge.Withoutenoughknowledge,wecannotmakegreatcontributionstothemodernizationofourcountry.

Totakecareofone'sownbodyisanotherimportantthingforgoodstudenttodo.Anyone,whohasn'tgotastrong

body,candonothingforhiscountry,evenifhehasmuchknowledge.Therewasaman,who,whenhewas

student,studiedhardbutneglectedhishealth.Nosoonerdidhecometoservethecountrythanhediedofpoor

health.Fromthiswemayseethattohaveastrongbodyisreallyveryimportantfbrastudent.

Lastly,tocultivateone'sownvirtueismostimportant.Virtueistheessence

ofanobleandgoodcharacter.Itwillgreatlyhelponetobeusefulandhiscountryheartandsoul.Whenlearned

peoplegoastray,theydomoreharmthangoodtosociety.Weshoulddrawlessonsfromthis.

這篇文章的第一段引出了文章的主題,第二、第三和第四段則是文章的正文，每一段的第一句即是段落的主

題句，它們既支持了文章中心的觀點(diǎn)和思想，同時(shí)又概括了全段的意思。在同一段落中,其余的句子都圍繞主

題句所表示的中心展開(kāi)，同時(shí)句子間的銜結(jié)也很自然;各層的意思都很連貫。

分段是文章組織上重要的一步,但如果寫(xiě)的題目范圍很小，那就無(wú)須再將題目分成小的主題，并分入各個(gè)段落

去闡述了。像一篇簡(jiǎn)短的評(píng)論;某一事情的簡(jiǎn)短記載，某一個(gè)想法的說(shuō)明，對(duì)一個(gè)人物或一件事情的簡(jiǎn)要敘述

或說(shuō)明等,就可以只用一個(gè)段落來(lái)表現(xiàn)主題。

在記敘文中，段的結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可以很簡(jiǎn)單，不需要有主題句,敘事一氣呵成，中途沒(méi)有停頓。段與段之所以分開(kāi),

只是為了起修辭作用，以便把某一細(xì)節(jié)置于顯著的地位。

某些測(cè)試用的表達(dá)題，在題目中就已經(jīng)說(shuō)明只需要根據(jù)。所給的提示寫(xiě)一個(gè)段落，而不是一篇文章。對(duì)于這

一類的寫(xiě)作試題，就可以予以簡(jiǎn)潔的處理，并不是非要擴(kuò)充成一篇有頭有尾的完整文章。

下面這篇題為“WeekendHomework”（談周末作業(yè)）的短文，就是用一個(gè)段落來(lái)論述問(wèn)題和表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的。

UsallySaturdaynightisthetimeforstudentstogetbacktotheirdesksanddotheirweekendhomework.Six

schooldaysareenoughforthestudentswhohavemanyotherinterests.Ithinkweekendhomeworkshouldnotbe

given.WithhomeworkarrangedforSaturdaynightandthewholeofSunday,whencanhefindtimetohelp

aroundthehouse,playagameoffootballorseeagoodfilm,orjustrelax?Infactweekendhomeworkisusually

putoffuntilSundaynight.Asaresultourhomeworkisdoneverypoorlyandweachivenoresults.Iftherewere

nohomeworkonweekends,studentswouldgotoschoolonMondaywellrested,willingtowork.Teachers,don*t

youagree?

英語(yǔ)作文的文章的結(jié)尾

文章結(jié)尾的作用是概括全文內(nèi)容,進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意義表達(dá)得更加深刻。

文章結(jié)尾的形式也是多種多樣的,常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種：

1.首尾呼應(yīng)，畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛

在文章的結(jié)尾，把含義較深的話放在末尾，以點(diǎn)明主題，深化主題，起到畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛的效果。如"1CannotForget

Her"（我忘不了她）的結(jié)尾：

Afterherdeath,Ifeltasifsomethingweremissinginmylife.Iwassadoverherpassingaway,butIknewshe

wouldnothavehadanyregretsathavinggivenherlifefbrthebenefitofthepeople.

2.重復(fù)主題句

結(jié)尾回到文章開(kāi)頭闡明的中心思想或主題句上，達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。如“ILoveMyHomeTown”（我愛(ài)家鄉(xiāng)）的結(jié)

尾：

Ilovemyhometown,andIloveitspeople.Theytoohavechanged.Theyaregoingallouttodomorefbrthe

goodofourmotherland.

3.自然結(jié)尾

隨著文章的結(jié)束，文章自然而然地結(jié)尾。如“Fishing”（釣魚(yú)）的結(jié)尾：

Icaughtasmanyastwentyfishintwohours,butmybrothercaughtmanymore.Tiredfromfishing,welaydown

ontheriverbank,bathinginthesun.Wereturnedhomeverylate.

4.含蓄性的結(jié)尾

用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接點(diǎn)明作者的看法，而是讓讀者自己去領(lǐng)會(huì)和思考。如“ADayofHarvesting”（收割

的日子）的結(jié)尾:Eveningcamebeforewerealizedit.Weputdownoursicklesandlookedateachother.Our

clotheswerewetwithsweat,butoneveryfacetherewasasmile.

5.用反問(wèn)結(jié)尾

雖然形式是問(wèn)句，但意義卻是肯定的，并具有特別的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，引起讀者深思。如“ShouldWeLearntoDo

Housework?”俄們要不要學(xué)做家務(wù)?）的結(jié)尾。

Everyoneshouldlearntodohousework.Don'tyouagree,boysandgirls?

6.指明方向，激勵(lì)讀者

結(jié)尾表示對(duì)將來(lái)的展望，或期待讀者投入行動(dòng)。如"Let'sGoinforSports"（讓我們參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)）的結(jié)尾：

Aswehavesaidabove,sportscanbeofgreatvalue.Theynotonlymakepeoplelivehappilybutalsohelppeople

tolearnvirtuesanddotheirworkbettter.Asoundmindisinasoundbody.Let'sgoinfbrsports.

怎樣寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)句子

下面我們以考生的實(shí)際作文來(lái)進(jìn)行一下分析。

1）Someoneconsiderthatfreshwaterwillnottouchit'send.（96年1月,2分）

2）Oneman'slifelackofmoney,hewillimpossibletoliveon.（95年1月,5分）

3）Asisknow,thattherearemuchfakecommoditiesintoday'ssociety.（97年12月,6分）

這里引述的例句與考生通篇作文的寫(xiě)作水平是一致的，其中5、6分的例句具有典型性，代表了近乎中等水

平考生的寫(xiě)作水平。從這些例句中不難看出，中等水平的考生，事實(shí)上也包括中上等水平的考生，在寫(xiě)作上存

在的主要問(wèn)題是表達(dá)思想不清楚。

表達(dá)思想不清楚的主要原因是考生作文中嚴(yán)重漢化的英語(yǔ)，即中式英語(yǔ)，比如："mancanlivehappiness",

"Manisiron,andfoodissteel.","Womenarehalfsidesky.\此外，語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤的普遍性和嚴(yán)重性十分驚人，比如,

主謂不一致，名詞單復(fù)數(shù)不分，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)濫用，常用詞拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤比比皆是。這些嚴(yán)重地影響了思想的表

達(dá)。考試實(shí)踐表明，多數(shù)考生在寫(xiě)作上的主要欠缺不是系統(tǒng)的寫(xiě)作理論和方法，而是最基本的單句寫(xiě)作能力。

文章無(wú)論長(zhǎng)短，都是由句子組成的，句子是表達(dá)思想的最基本的單位。因此，句子是否能寫(xiě)得正確、達(dá)意和

清楚,將直接影響整篇文章的寫(xiě)作質(zhì)量。大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)考試和研究生入學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試的實(shí)踐都表明，考生

寫(xiě)作成績(jī)長(zhǎng)期得不到明顯提高的主要原因是欠缺寫(xiě)好單句的能力。

為改變這種狀況,我們將從剖析考生作文中的典型病句入手，對(duì)寫(xiě)作測(cè)試中的基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)和寫(xiě)法進(jìn)行評(píng)

議和分析，來(lái)幫助考生進(jìn)一步提高句子寫(xiě)作能力。

否定結(jié)構(gòu)除了在助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,be和have后面加not之外,還有許多不含not的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。若能正確

使用他們，文章會(huì)顯得生動(dòng)活潑,增加寫(xiě)作的閃光點(diǎn)。下面我們就來(lái)看看：

1.含有否定意義的詞匯和短語(yǔ)

以下列舉的詞和詞組本身就具有否定的含義,因此無(wú)需用否定詞。

介詞against,beyond,but,except,without,...

形容詞和動(dòng)詞absent,deny,differ,different,fail,free,ignore,miss,refuse,thelast,usedto,

reluctant,lack,want,...

短語(yǔ)keep...from,protect...from,prevent...from,letalone,ataloss,invain,insteadof,out

ofthequestion,ratherthan,too...to,bynomeans,anythingbut,...

我們看以下例句：

1)Womenfailtogettheequalrightsinsomecountries.

在一些國(guó)家里婦女沒(méi)有得到平等的權(quán)利。

2)Thisisbynomeansthebestwaytosolvetheproblemofenergycrisis.

這不是解決能源危機(jī)的最好的辦法。

3)Weshouldprotecttreesfrombeingdestroyed.

我們應(yīng)保護(hù)樹(shù)木，不讓它們受破壞。

4)InoldChinawecouldnotmakeanail,letalone(make)machines.

在舊中國(guó),我們連??個(gè)釘子都造不了，更不用說(shuō)制造機(jī)器了。

2.含有半否定意義的詞語(yǔ)

barely,hardly,few,little,rarely,scarcely,seldom,notall,noteveryone,noteverything,...具

有半否定的意義。例句：

1)Wecouldhardlyseeanyfreshvegetablesinwinteronmarketseveralyearsago.

幾年前在冬天市場(chǎng)上很難見(jiàn)到新鮮蔬菜。

2)Theseyoungpeopleknowlittleabouthowtochoosegoodbookstoread.

這些年輕人幾乎不知道如何挑選優(yōu)秀的書(shū)籍來(lái)讀。

3.不含否定意義的否定結(jié)構(gòu)

有些詞和詞組形式上是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，但其含義是肯定的，比如:cannotbut,canthelp,

nosooner...than,not...until,innotime,noneotherthan,nothingbut,等等。例句：

1)Wecan'tbutfacethereality.

我們只有面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)。

2)Theseoldbuildingswillbereplacedbymodernapartmentbuildingsinnotime.

這些舊建筑將很快為現(xiàn)代化的公寓所代替。

4.否定結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝語(yǔ)序

我們有口寸為了強(qiáng)調(diào)而把否定詞和詞組放在句首，這時(shí)句子結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)倒裝。例如：

1)Onnoaccountshouldwefollowblindly.我們決不應(yīng)當(dāng)盲從。

2)Nowherehastheworldeverseensuchgreatenthusiasmforlearningasinour

country.沒(méi)有任何其他地方有我國(guó)這樣高的學(xué)習(xí)熱情。

五、含有讓的結(jié)構(gòu)

考生病句：

1.Asisknowntoallofusthatscienceandtechnologyplayanimportantroleinthe

developmentofsociety.

2.Itisknowntous,practicemakesperfect.

正確表達(dá)：

1.Itisknowntoallofusthatscienceandtechnologyplayanimportantroleinthe

developmentofsociety.(或:Asisknowntoallofus,science...)

2.Itisknowntousthatpracticemakesperfect.(或:Asisknowntous,practice...)

評(píng)議與分析：

例句1是93年12月六級(jí)考試11分作文的評(píng)分樣卷句子，例句2選自97年1月四級(jí)考試作文。很顯然,

兩個(gè)考生混淆了it和as的用法。如果用it作形式主語(yǔ)，后面的主語(yǔ)從句必須由that引起;如果用as,則后面

不能用that,因?yàn)閍s是關(guān)系代詞，代表practicemakesperfect0

It在英語(yǔ)中是個(gè)相當(dāng)活躍的代詞,在寫(xiě)作中我們常要使用它。以下幾種用法應(yīng)熟練掌握，并能靈活運(yùn)用。

1.作形式主語(yǔ)

Itisnecessaryfbrustomasteraforeignlanguageskillfully.Itmakesdifferencewhether

wecouldpurify