醫(yī)學(xué)院校碩士研究生英語讀與寫課件Unit11

EnglishforMasterStudentsinMedicalUniversitiesChinaRenminUniversityPress第一頁，共49頁。教材總主編盧鳳香主編：張海萍張華君殷紅梅編者：閔楠蘇萍任雁鄭守志劉娟謝瑜第二頁，共49頁。課件制作主編：鄭守志劉娟課件制作參與人：張海萍張華君盧鳳香課件審閱人：美籍專家JamesBoulton第三頁，共49頁。Unit11TextASomeonewhoBelievedinThemHelpedThemtoRecover第四頁，共49頁。OutlineBackgroundinformationtoTextAAnalysisofthetextGlobalanalysisofthetextAnalysisofthetextstructureSummaryofthetextReferenceanswerstotheexercises第五頁，共49頁。BackgroundinformationtoTextA1)IntroductiontotheauthorDanielB.Fisher,M.D.fromGeorgeWashingtonUniversityMedicalSchoolin1976，Ph.D.inbiochemistryfromtheUniversityofWisconsinin1968andanA.B.inBiologyfromPrincetonUniversityin1965.第六頁，共49頁。BackgroundinformationtoTextA1)IntroductiontotheauthorDr.FisherisastaffpsychiatristatRiversideCommunityMentalHealthCenterinWakefield,Massachusetts.Hehasworkedasaboard-certifiedpsychiatristfor25yearsinavarietyofinpatientandcommunitysettingssuchasastatehospital,daycarecenters,outpatientclinics,andelderlyhousing.HewasMedicalDirectorforacommunitymentalhealthcenterfor12years.第七頁，共49頁。BackgroundinformationtoTextA1)IntroductiontotheauthorHealsoisaCo-DirectoroftheNationalEmpowermentCenterinLawrence,Massachusetts;aconsumer-runResearch,Training,andInformationCenter,whichhehelpedfoundin1992.Basedontheirresearch,heandCo-DirectorLaurieAhernhavedevelopedtheEmpowermentModelofRecovery.Theyalsohavedesignedatrainingprogrambasedontheempowermentmodel,calledthePersonalAssistanceinCommunityExistence,PACE/RecoveryProgram.第八頁，共49頁。BackgroundinformationtoTextA1)IntroductiontotheauthorThepurposeofthePACE/RecoveryProgramistoinspireandeducatethementalhealthsystemandthepublictoviewmentalillnessinapositivelight,andtohelpallinvolvedinthesecrisestounderstandthatthroughhope,self-determination,andbelievingintheperson,peoplecanrecover.Dr.Fisherhasbroughttheirmessageofrecoverytothepublicthroughprint,televisionandradionews.第九頁，共49頁。BackgroundinformationtoTextA2)IntroductiontothetopicMentalillnessisthesecondleadingcauseofdisabilityintheUnitedStatesandmentaldisordersaffectoneinfiveAmericansaccordingtothefirst-everSurgeonGeneral'sreportonmentalhealthreleasedinDecember1999.However,mentalillnessisshroudedinsuchshamethatmanypeopleneglecttheissue.Asaresult,peoplelabeledwithmentalillnessesfacegreatstigmaanddiscrimination.Althoughresearchhasgivenustremendousknowledgeaboutthebrainandnewmedicationsandmentalhealthserviceshaveimprovednowadays,themostbasicandimportantelementstorecoveryfrommentalillnessistrustaccordingtotheauthorofthisarticle.第十頁，共49頁。BackgroundinformationtoTextA2)IntroductiontothetopicDr.DanielFisher,theauthorillustrateshispointwithhisownexperiencesaswellastheexperiencesofthosewhohavesignificantlyrecoveredfrommentalillness.AccordingtoDr.Fisher,peoplewithamentalillnessneedcloserelationshipswithothersinordertopromotetheirrecovery.第十一頁，共49頁。BackgroundinformationtoTextA3）RelatedbackgroundinformationA.YodaYoda,theancientandreveredJediMaster,livedhisfinalyearshidingontheswampplanetofDagobah.Ninehundredyearsold,YodahadtrainedJediforeightcenturies,andwasverypowerfulintheForce.Amonghislastpupilswerethemostimportant(andreckless)Jediinrecenthistory,Obi-WanKenobiandLukeSkywalker.第十二頁，共49頁。BackgroundinformationtoTextA3）RelatedbackgroundinformationA.YodaInthewaningdaysoftheRepublic,YodawasarespectedseniormemberoftheJediCouncil.ServingalongsidesuchluminariesasMaceWinduandKi-Adi-Mundi,Yodawaspresentduringtheturbulenteventsthatwouldeventuallyunravelthecenturies-oldRepublicandsealthefateoftheJediorder.第十三頁，共49頁。BackgroundinformationtoTextA3）RelatedbackgroundinformationA.YodaYodaservedanimportantroleintheJediCouncil.WhenyoungPadawansbegantheirfirstforayintoJeditraining,theydidsounderYoda'sguidance.ManyoftheRepublic'sgreatestJeditrainedunderYodawhentheywerechildren--schooledingroupingscalledclans.OncetheJedihopefulsgrewolder,approachingtheirteenageyears,theywouldthenbepairedtoanelderJediKnightorMastertocontinuetrainingone-on-one.第十四頁，共49頁。BackgroundinformationtoTextA3）RelatedbackgroundinformationA.YodaThepallofthedarksidefellovertheRepublicduringitstwilightyears,andYodagrewincreasinglyconcerned.TheemergenceofthedarksidecreatedadisturbanceintheForcestrongenoughtocloudtheJedi'sinsightsintoimportantmatters.Sensingthegraveuncertaintyofthefuture,Yodarecognizedtheneedforanswers.TheJediCouncildispatchedObi-WanKenobitoinvestigateanassassinationattemptapparentlycarriedoutbySeparatistforces.Whathefoundwasallthemoretroubling.第十五頁，共49頁。BackgroundinformationtoTextA3）RelatedbackgroundinformationA.YodaAnentireclonearmyhadbeensecretlycreatedfortheRepublic,bydecreeofalateJedi,Sifo-Dyas.NoneintheCouncilknewofthisdevelopment,norhadtheyforeseenit.FurtherinvestigationrevealedthattheSeparatistsweregearingupforwar.CountDooku,oneofYoda'sformerPadawans,wasconsolidatingamilitaryforceoutofthedroidarmiesofthecommerceguilds.Somethingneededtobedone.第十六頁，共49頁。BackgroundinformationtoTextA3）RelatedbackgroundinformationA.YodaSupremeChancellorPalpatine,newlygrantedemergencypowers,tookpossessionoftheCloneArmy,andorderedtheJediintoaction.YodavoyagedtothedistantworldofKaminotogatherthenewlycreatedRepublicMilitary,andarrivedonGeonosistorescuethesurvivorsofanill-fatedJeditaskforce.第十七頁，共49頁。BackgroundinformationtoTextA3）RelatedbackgroundinformationA.YodaAsRepublicclonesengagedSeparatistdroids,theCloneWarsbegan.Yoda,actingasgeneral,oversawthebattlefromtheforwardcommandcenter.ThecloneshandilydefeatedtheSeparatistsonGeonosis,butmanyescaped.YodafollowedhisinstinctstoadarkenedhangarwhereCountDookuhadgrievouslywoundedObi-WanKenobiandAnakinSkywalker.第十八頁，共49頁。BackgroundinformationtoTextA3）RelatedbackgroundinformationB.CarlRogers(1902-1987)Agreatwriter,arealpleasuretoread.ThemostcompletestatementofhistheoryisinClient-centeredTherapy(1951).Twocollectionsofessaysareveryinteresting:OnBecomingaPerson(1961)andAWayofBeing(1980).Finally,there'sanicecollectionofhisworkinTheCarlRogersReader,editedbyKirschenbaumandHenderson(1989).第十九頁，共49頁。BackgroundinformationtoTextA3）RelatedbackgroundinformationC.MartinBuber(1878-1965)AnAustrian-Israeli-Jewishphilosopher,translator,andeducator,whoseworkcenteredontheisticidealsofreligiousconsciousness,interpersonalrelations,andcommunity.Buber'sevocative,sometimespoeticwritingstylehasmarkedthemajorthemesinhiswork:theretellingofHasidictales,Biblicalcommentaryandmetaphysicaldialogue.第二十頁，共49頁。BackgroundinformationtoTextA3）RelatedbackgroundinformationC.MartinBuber(1878-1965)AculturalZionist,BuberwasactiveintheJewishandeducationalcommunitiesofGermanyandIsrael.Hewasalsoastaunchsupporterofabi-nationalsolutioninPalestine,insteadofatwo-statesolution,andaftertheestablishmentoftheJewishstateofIsrael,ofaregionalfederationofIsraelandArabstates.Hisinfluenceextendsacrossthehumanities,particularlyinthefieldsofsocialpsychology,socialphilosophy,andreligiousexistentialism.第二十一頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

1)HewasthefirstpersonIencounteredoutoftheordealthatactuallyhadsomesortoffeeling.（Paragraph1）

WhenIfellintodifficulties,hewasthefirsttoshowmethathecared.Structure:‘that’clausemodifies“thefirstperson”第二十二頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

2)Don'tletthemgettheirway…（Paragraph1）getone’sway:togetordowhatonewantsinspiteofoppositionExample:Parentsshouldnotletonlychildrenalwaysgettheirway.第二十三頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

3)TherewasaknowingintheireyesthatIsawthatsaidIseeyouandIreallybelieveinyou,someonethatcarriedme,somehowthatencouragedmetonotfallbackwards.（Paragraph2）Icouldseefromtheireyesthattheyreallybelievedinmeandthattheywouldalwaysbebymysideandholdmefromfallingback.Structure:“thatIsaw’and“thatsaidIseeyou”bothmodify“aknowing”asattributiveclauses.第二十四頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

4)Recentlyhedescribedapricelessmomentwithaconsumer/survivor,Eric,whicheveryoneelsehadwrittenoff.（Paragraph3）writtenoff:todecidethatsomebodyorsomethingisuseless,unimportantorafailure.Example:Wehavewrittenofftheprojectasanon–starter.第二十五頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

5)FormanyyearshewouldonlylistentoheavymetalwhichJimfeltheneededtolistentobecauseitwasneededtodrownouthispainfulthoughts.NowEricisabletolistentosoftrockandfolk.（Paragraph4）drownout:topreventasoundfrombeingheardbymakingaloudnoise.Example:Thestreetwassocrowdedthatnomatterhowhardhetriedhisvoicewasdrownedoutbythetraffic.第二十六頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

6)Thentheywillpresentmoreandmoreofthemselvestoyou.“（Paragraph5）Thentheywillshowmoreoftheirfeelingstoyou.第二十七頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

7)Suchanelusivelysimpledescriptionofthebeautyheweaves.（Paragraph5）ThedescriptionofJim’srelationshipwithhispatientsisdeceptivelysimple.Inactualityhisattitudehasdeepsignificancetohispatientsandtheirrecovery.Throughhiswork(theweaving)theproduct(therelationshipwithhispatients)isbeautiful,liketheweaverofabeautifulcarpet.第二十八頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

8)Jim’smannerremindsmedeeplyofthecontactIyearnedforandoccasionallyfoundinmyownjourneytorecovermyownlostself.(Paragraph6)

yearnfor:haveastrongdesirefor,especiallysomethingthatisdifficulttoget.Example:Everyoneisyearningfortheweathertochangeafterthelongbitterwinter.第二十九頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

9)WhenIaskedhowhefeltaboutmyattendingagroupwithanothertherapist.HesaidhetrustedthatIknewwhatIneededtoheal.(Paragraph6)

WhenIaskedhimaboutmyfurthertreatmentwithanothertherapist,hetoldmethathebelievedthatIcouldmaketherightdecisionandthatIknewwhatkindoftreatmentIneeded.第三十頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

10)Equallycompellingisthecenteringandspiritualrenewalcomingforthepersonwhodoesthebelievinginanother.(Paragraph7)Ppelling:powerful第三十一頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

11)Sheclearlyhadanewlightinhereye.(Paragraph7)Shebegantounderstandthemeaningandpurposeoflifeinaparticularwaywhichcanobviouslybeseeninhereyes.第三十二頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

11)Sheclearlyhadanewlightinhereye.(Paragraph7)inanewlight:ifsomeoneorsomethingisseenorshowninanewanddifferentlight,youbegintounderstandtheminaparticularway.Example:ThenewdiscoveriesprovidemuchnewinformationandIbegantounderstandtheoriginoftheUniverseinanewlight.第三十三頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

12)Hestatedthat“thesafetyofbeinglikedandprizedasapersonseemsahighlyimportantelementinahelpingrelationship.”（Paragraph8）Itisveryimportantforpeopletohaveasenseofsafetyfrombeinglikedandprizedinahelpingrelationship.第三十四頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

13)Icanrecognizeinhimthepersonhehasbeencreatedtobecome.（Paragraph8）Iamabletoknowhisnativepotentialqualities.第三十五頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

14)Whensomeoneislabeledwithmentalillness,itisasifallthathasbeenlearnedtobehelpfulintherapyisthrownout.（Paragraph9）

Itseemsasifallofthetreatmentthatwasgiveninordertohelpapatientfeelnormalwasinvainifthepatienthasbeendiagnosedasmentallyill.第三十六頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

15)Ourlivedexperiencesspeakotherwise.（Paragraph9）Ourexperiencesinlifeshowjusttheoppositeresult.Otherwise:tosaysomethingisdifferentfromwhathasbeenmentioned.Example:ThegovernmentclaimsthatthesituationinIraqisimprovingbutthissurveysuggestsotherwise.第三十七頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

16)Wewhohavebeenlabeledwithmentalillness,remainjustashumanifnotmoresothanotherswhoaretemporarilynotlabeled.

（Paragraph10）Comparedwiththosewhoarecurrentlyconsideredasnormal,peopleconsideredasmentallyillhaveatleastequivalenthumanfeelingsandbehaviors.第三十八頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

17)Theserelationshipsneedtobenurturedandcultivatedforustofindthecompassofourtrueselftoguideourrecovery.

（Paragraph10）Weshouldencourageanddeveloptheserelationshipssoastobeinaproperpositiontorecoverfrommentalillness.第三十九頁，共49頁。Analysisofthetext

18)Anysystemofcarewhichdisturbsorinterfereswiththeserelationshipsispreventing,notpromotingrecovery.

（Paragraph10）Anytreatmentthatdisturbsorinterfereswiththeserelationshipsjeopardizestheprocessofrecovery.第四十頁，共49頁。GlobalanalysisofthetextMedicationandtreatmentcanbringpatientsbacktoanormallife.However,forthosewhoaresufferingfrommentalillness,trustandencouragementcanworkamiracle.Trustfromtheirdoctorsandnursescanputasparkleintotheirlivesandencouragethemnottofallback.Encouragementfromdoctors,nursesandfriends,eitherinactionorinwords,bringspsychologicalhelp,andhelpsthepatientsmorethanmedicationandmedicaltreatment.第四十一頁，共49頁。

Analysisofthetextstructure

Thetextfallsintothreeparts:PartI

Paragraphs1—6demonstratethroughexamplesthatpeoplecansignificantlyrecoverfrommentalillnessiftheycanbehelpedbysomeonewhotruststhem.PartII

Paragraphs7—8furtherillustratethatthepeoplewhotrustandhelpotherswillalsoreceivecenteringandspiritualrenewal.PartIII

Paragraphs9—10pointoutthatpeopleoftendonotwanttocommunicatewithmentallyillpatientsasequalsanddonottrustthesepatients.Thiscanjeopardizetheprocessofrecovery.第四十二頁，共49頁。Summaryofthetext

Thetextmainlyillustratesthemosteffectivewayoftreatingpeoplelabeledwithmentalillness.Itbeginswiththeviewpointthatmentallyillpeoplecansignificantlyrecoverfromthementalillnessiftheyarehelpedbysomeonewhobelievesinthem.Trustencouragespatientstobuildacloserelationshipwithsomeoneelseandultimatelyrescuesthemfromtheirdistressingcircumstances.第四十三頁，共49頁。Summaryofthetext

Theauthorhassuccessfullyprovedthispointthroughhisdescriptionsofpatientexperiences.Additionally,notonlytheonebeinghelped,butalsotheonewhoiswillingtobeofhelpcanbenefitfromsuchattitudes.TheresearchofCarlRogersandMartinBuberserveasverygoodsupportforthisconcept.We,aswellasthepatientslabeledwithmentalillness,havethesamebasicneedforatrusting,lovingandcaringrelationshipwhichrequiresdevelopmentandimprovement.Anysystemofcarethatdisturbsorinterfereswiththesettingupofatrusting,lovingandcaringrelationshipwillseriouslyjeopardizetheprocessofpatientrecovery.第四十四頁，共49頁。

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