新概念第四冊(cè)筆記(完美版)

Lesson1Findingfossilman

發(fā)現(xiàn)化石人

Wecanreadofthingsthathappened5,000yearsagointheNearEast,wherepeoplefirstlearnedtowrite.

Buttherearesomepartsoftheworldwhereevennowpeoplecannotwrite.Theonlywaythattheycanpreservetheir

historyistorecountitassagas--legendshandeddownfromonegenerationofstorytellerstoanother.These

legendsareusefulbecausetheycantellussomethingaboutmigrationsofpeoplewholivedlongago,butnonecould

writedownwhattheydid.AnthropologistswonderedwheretheremoteancestorsofthePolynesianpeoplesnow

livinginthePacificIslandscamefrom.ThesagasofthesepeopleexplainthatsomeofthemcamefromIndonesia

about2,000yearsago.

Butthefirstpeoplewhowerelikeourselveslivedsolongagothateventheirsagas,iftheyhadany,areforgotten.So

archaeologistshaveneitherhistorynorlegendstohelpthemtofindoutwherethefirst'modernmen'camefrom.

Fortunately,however,ancientmenmadetoolsofstone,especiallyflint,becausethisiseasiertoshapethanother

kinds.Theymayalsohaveusedwoodandskins,butthesehaverottedaway.Stonedoesnotdecay,andsothetools

oflongagohaveremainedwheneventhebonesofthemenwhomadethemhavedisappearedwithouttrace.

ROBINPLACEFindingfossilman

Newwordsandexpressions

生詞短語(yǔ)

recount/ri'kaunt/v.敘述/'rei'kaunt/再數(shù)一?次record/'rek[d//ri'kC:d/第一個(gè)音節(jié)帶重音，名前動(dòng)后敘述：

recount:emotionless

重復(fù)

describe

depict:alittleemotional

narrate:temporal&spacial根據(jù)時(shí)間或空間順序描述。

portray：描述

saga/'sa:g[/n.英雄故事

描述的內(nèi)容mostlyreal北歐海盜活動(dòng)的故事

legend/'ledV[nd/n.傳說(shuō)，傳奇

unreale.grobinhood

anthropologist/'AnWr['pCI[dVist/n.人類(lèi)學(xué)家

anthrop:人

philosophere:philo+sopher|愛(ài)+智慧=哲學(xué)家

philanthropist:慈善家(對(duì)人有愛(ài)心的人)

anthropology:人類(lèi)學(xué)

帶-gy結(jié)尾的都是學(xué)科Jbiology生物學(xué)geography地理學(xué)ecology生態(tài)學(xué)

remote/ri'm[ut/n.遙遠(yuǎn)

ancestor/'Ansest[/n.祖先

an

在前面

forefather,forebear，predecessor祖先

roVrCt/v,爛掉

leavemerot.leavemealong

rottodeath.

soonripe,soonrotten.

decay國(guó)家民族逐漸衰亡decompose逐漸衰竭deteriorate關(guān)系逐漸惡化

trace/treis/n.痕跡，蹤跡

tracetheproblem

ifollowyourtrace=ifollowwhereyougo

Polynesia波利尼西亞

poly■多

polyandric:awifewithmorethanonehusbandpolygeny:ahusbandwithmorethanonewife

flint/flint/n.燧石flintinghearted

fossil/

'fCsl/n.化石cobble鵝卵石Notesonthetext

課文注釋readof讀到

談至ij:speakof,talkof,knowof,hearof

neareast:近東mediterranean,southeurope,northafricfareast

非限定性從句，表原因

oral(spoken)languageisearlierthanwrittenlanguage,precede:什么在什么之前,不腳2：’直接跟銅

counterpart:twothingsortwopeoplehavethesamepositionoral(spoken)languageisearlierthanwritten

counterpart.

preserve:保留，保存(腌制)如果句中有only，那后面的表語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)就要用todosth,而不是doingsth.storyteller:講故

事的人

fortuneteller,palmreader:算命先生

migration:移民

1)migrant

2)immigrantv.migrate:遷移，遷徙

migratorybird:候鳥(niǎo)none:nobodypeople+s民族

iftheyhadany:便是有

hisrelatives,ifhehad

any,neverwenttovisithimwhenhewashospitalized.

findout千方百計(jì)?exploremodernmen:themenwhowerelikeourselveshowever-anywhereyouwant,

加逗號(hào)

but,yet一不力口標(biāo)點(diǎn)，onlyatthebeginningofthesentencetherefore一自由

so—自由

too上小工具instrument:實(shí)驗(yàn)器械equipment:設(shè)備

shape戒型；教育，改造mayalsohave:表推測(cè)peel:果皮

leather:皮革

hide:獸皮

cowhide:牛皮

without(any)trace:無(wú)影無(wú)蹤

Lesson2Sparethatspider

別傷害蜘蛛

Why,youmaywonder,shouldspidersbeourfriends?Becausetheydestroysomanyinsects,andinsectsinclude

someofthegreatestenemiesofthehumanrace.Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;they

woulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eating

animals.Weowealottothebirdsandbeastswhoeatinsectsbutallofthemputtogetherkillonlyafractionofthe

numberdestroyedbyspiders.Moreover,unlikesomeoftheotherinsecteaters,spidersneverdotheleastharmtous

orourbelongings.

Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink,norevennearlyrelatedtothem.Onecantellthedifferencealmostat

aglanceforaspideralwayshaseightlegsandaninsectnevermorethansix.

Howmanyspidersareengagedinthisworkonourbehalf?Oneauthorityonspidersmadeacensusofthespidersin

agrassfieldinthesouthofEngland,andheestimatedthatthereweremorethan2,250,000inoneacre,thatis

somethinglike6,000,000spidersofdifferentkindsonafootballpitch.Spidersarebusyforatleasthalftheyearin

killinginsects.Itisimpossibletomakemorethanthewildestguessathowmanytheykill,buttheyarehungry

creatures,notcontentwithonlythreemealsaday.Ithasbeenestimatedthattheweightofalltheinsectsdestroyed

byspidersinBritaininoneyearwouldbegreaterthanthetotalweightofallthehumanbeingsinthecountry.

T.H.GILLESPIESparethatSpiderfromTheListener

Newwordsandexpressions

生詞短語(yǔ)

flocksandherds牛群和羊群

/fICk/

thebirdsofthesamefeatherflocktogether.物以類(lèi)聚，人以群分

youarethesameflock.也可指人

herd多指牛群

cowherdcowboy

throngandcrowdswarm

owe/[U/vt.感激，欠

ioweyou.

ioweyouabigfavor.

欠issueobligeindebtappreciate—常用口語(yǔ)詞正式:gratefulthankful

beast/bi:st/n獸

形容人野蠻無(wú)比，不能用animal形容

creature可以指小孩，女人，不用于男性?

fraction/'frAkFfn/n.小部分

分?jǐn)?shù)，小數(shù)

afractionofricewillsufficeononesbehalf代表???利益

Ibeatyouonyourbehalf.我打你是為你好onbehalfofsomebody/something

e.gonbehalfofChinesegovernment

onbehalfof=represent

authority/CfWCAti/n.權(quán)威

authorize批準(zhǔn)

authoritative權(quán)威性的

authoritarian獨(dú)裁的

-tarian帶有這種詞綴的詞都是壞詞dictator獨(dú)裁者

dictatorial獨(dú)裁的

authorities1?權(quán)威(可單數(shù)可復(fù)數(shù))

2?當(dāng)局(復(fù)數(shù))

census/sens[s/n.統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)

thefifthnationalpopulationcensus.

censor審查,censorious挑剔的，方喇的

acre『eik[/n.英畝

1acre=4047squaremeters

footballpitch足球場(chǎng)

footballyardfootballcourtfootballfieldbecontentwith滿足于

滿足作表語(yǔ)，不能出現(xiàn)定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)

Heiscontentwithstatusquo.

contentedheart:心滿意足的人

spare/spZ[/v.不傷害，寬恕

sparemeHedoesn'tsparehimself.Isparenoeffortstolearnenglish.(sparenoefforts:不遺余力作什么)

Notesonthetext

課文注釋

why,youmaywonder—youmaywonderwh淹入語(yǔ)

先不管插入語(yǔ)，弄清句子結(jié)構(gòu)

youmaywonderwhyspidersshouldbeourfriends?插入語(yǔ)位置不固定

why以疑問(wèn)句開(kāi)頭

why,youmaywonder,theproblemofpollutionbefallshumanbeings,why,youmaywonder,oneofmyfriendsisso

kindhearted.

destroy程度比damage要重得多，片甲不留，消滅光

tearintopiecesgreatestenemies:天敵dyingenemy

cryingenemy

dearenemyhumanrace:人的種族，一般不加復(fù)數(shù)，表示一個(gè)總稱(chēng)詞

impossible和possible永遠(yuǎn)不要以人開(kāi)頭

Itisimpossibleforsomebodytodosomething,likely可以以人做主語(yǔ)。iamlikelytogo.

probable也不以人做主語(yǔ)

theywould表示假設(shè)

devour狼吞虎咽devourthefood

makeacakeofmyself

makeagodofmyself

devourthebookit虛擬語(yǔ)氣

前面是主句，下面是條件句前面一般的加動(dòng)詞devour,后面用一般過(guò)去時(shí)

Ifitwerenotfor:如果這不是因?yàn)?/p>

Iwouldnotsurviveifitwerenotforhistimelyhelp,butfor一定是虛擬語(yǔ)氣=ifitwerenotfor

owe感激，欠ioweyou.

引出主題

allofthemputtogether》巴他們堆至!j——起

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是killdestroyed后置定語(yǔ)，重心轉(zhuǎn)到spider

Lesson3Matterhornman

馬特霍恩山區(qū)人

Modernalpiniststrytoclimbmountainsbyaroutewhichwillgivethemgoodsport,andthemoredifficultitis,the

morehighlyitisregarded.Inthepioneeringdays,however,thiswasnotthecaseatall.Theearlyclimberswere

lookingfortheeasiestwaytothetopbecausethesummitwastheprizetheysought,especiallyifithadneverbeen

attainedbefore.Itistruethatduringtheirexplorationstheyoftenfaceddifficultiesanddangersofthemostperilous

nature,equippedinamannerwhichwouldmakeamodernclimbershudderatthethought,buttheydidnotgooutof

theirwaytocourtsuchexcitement.Theyhadasingleaim,asolitarygoal--thetop!

Itishardforustorealizenowadayshowdifficultitwasforthepioneers.ExceptforoneortwoplacessuchasZermatt

andChamonix,whichhadrapidlybecomepopular,Alpinevillagestendedtobeimpoverishedsettlementscutofffrom

civilizationbythehighmountains.Suchinnsastherewereweregenerallydirtyandflea-ridden;thefoodsimplylocal

cheeseaccompaniedbybreadoftentwelvemonthsold,allwasheddownwithcoarsewine.Oftenavalleyboastedno

innatall,andclimbersfoundshelterwherevertheycould--sometimeswiththelocalpriest(whowasusuallyaspoor

ashisparishioners),sometimeswithshepherdsorcheesemakers.Invariablythebackgroundwasthesame:dirtand

poverty,andveryuncomfortable.Formenaccustomedtoeatingseven-coursedinnersandsleepingbetweenfine

linensheetsathome,thechangetotheAlpsmusthavebeenveryhardindeed.

Newwordsandexpressions

生詞短語(yǔ)

1、alpinist。.1)/'$lpinist/n?登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員

climber

mountaineer

詞根：alp

Alps(1.16)/$lps/n?阿爾卑斯山脈Alpine(1.9)/$lpain/adj?阿爾卑斯山的

2、attain(1.4)/+'tein/v?到達(dá)

togetto

toarriveat/in

toattainone*sgoal=realize

toattainthetop/peak/summit達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)attainyouth永葆青春

attainment(n)attainments成就accomplishment

3、perilous(1.5)/'peril+s/adj?危險(xiǎn)的peril

(隨時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)的)危險(xiǎn)avalanche雪崩

4、shudder(1.5)/'M)d+/v?不寒而栗

shudder:quickandsudden

trembledongandveryobvious

quiver:excitement,maybecold

shiver:coldandnervous

5、gooutofone'sway

專(zhuān)門(mén)bytheway順路

toomuchforme受不起

6、court(multiplemeanings多義詞)

1)朝廷

朝臣courtier

2)courteous彬彬有禮的

3)法庭

4)娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)足球場(chǎng)soccer/footballcourt高爾夫球場(chǎng)golfcourt

5)追求

6)招致

驕兵必?cái)ridecourtsfailure

7、solitary(1.6)/'s&lrt+ri/adj?唯一的

sol-獨(dú)solo獨(dú)唱

獨(dú)奏

solitude孤獨(dú)

Iliveinsolitude.=llivealonelylife.

8、pioneer(1.2)/?pai+*n+/v?開(kāi)辟，倡導(dǎo)；n?先鋒，開(kāi)辟者

9、impoverish。1.9-10)/$m'p&v+rM/v?使貧困poor(口語(yǔ)詞)

羅素名言：Agreatmanymanwillcheerfullyfaceinpoverishmentiftheycansecure

completeruinfortheirrival,hencepresentleveloftaxation.

許多人會(huì)高興的面對(duì)貧困，如果他們能使對(duì)手落魄，因此出現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)在的稅收水平。

10'coarse(1.12)/k&:s/adj?粗劣的

coarsethroat嗓子啞sorethroat

嗓子發(fā)炎coarsefare

粗糧

refinedfair細(xì)糧

coarseandrefined

inacoarsemanner粗暴無(wú)禮

11'boast(1.12)/b+ust/v?自恃有

用法：以人作主語(yǔ)，夸耀；以物作主語(yǔ)，擁有

Heboastedthatofhisknowledge.

Thecenterboastsateamofhighqualify(qualifiedresearchers.)

12'parishioner(1.13)/p+riM+n+/n?教官官民

parish教區(qū)

13、shepherd(1.14)/'Mep+d/n?牧羊人sheepZEshep

羊

herd

獸群

14、linen(1.15)/'linin/n?亞麻布床單

Notesonthetext

課文注釋

1、Route

路線

Road

2、goodsportsstimulus刺激thrilling震撼、興奮

3、regard

regardsbwithsth(感情詞love\hatred\horror\respect)Dad,Iregardyouwithhorror.爸爸，我很害怕你。

4、pineeringdays,ancient（先人時(shí)期）

5、notatall根本不case這回事

6'bedoing表達(dá)當(dāng)時(shí)的行動(dòng)（狀態(tài)）

7、top:頂點(diǎn)summit山頂peak山頂

Thesceneryisatthepeakof

themountain.無(wú)限風(fēng)羌在險(xiǎn)峰。

Iamatthetopoftheworld.我在世界之巔。Summitmeeting峰會(huì)

8、attain

到達(dá)conquer征服

9>beofthemostperilousnature

nature

特點(diǎn)、特性

themostperilousdifficultiesanddangers

學(xué)會(huì)beofthe+adj+noun

結(jié)構(gòu)Heisthekindestman.=Heisthemanofthekindestman.

10'equipped表示當(dāng)時(shí)的一種伴隨。

11'inamanner以這樣的方式

12、makesbdosth

（省to結(jié)構(gòu)）

13'atthethought一想到，mention一提到,idea一想到這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)后面加介詞of

原文即1atthethoughtoftheirpoorequipment

14'gooutofone'sway亥！J意intentionally

eyecatching引人注目的

15'thereallivingconditions真實(shí)生存狀況

16、nowadays插入語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在回想起來(lái)，可在句首、句末

17、exceptfor把其中的一部分扣除

18、tendtobe傾向于

19、settlement生存地、駐扎地

20、cutoff=whicharecutoff

21、flearidden跳蚤

22、astheywere可以這么說(shuō)，插入語(yǔ)

還有asitwere

Thisbookis,asitwere,hislifeportrait.

這本書(shū)，可是說(shuō)，是他的人生寫(xiě)照。

23、local當(dāng)?shù)氐?/p>

24、wine低度酒alcohol酒精alcoholic酒鬼

25、boast擁有priest牧師shepherd牧羊人

invariably=allthesame

26、dirtandpoverty，andveryuncomfortable（結(jié)構(gòu)不符合習(xí)慣，不可學(xué)）

27、course一道菜

28、musthavebeen表推測(cè)

29、beaccustomedto,beusedto+名詞、動(dòng)名詞

IamusedtothelifeinBejing.

IamusedtolivinginBejing.

30、早餐：scratchameal

中午餐：snack快餐

晚餐:dinner

31、thechangeto

Educationbringsgreatchangetohisoutlook/viewonlife.

教育使他的面貌（咐生活的看法）產(chǎn)生了很大變化。

Lesson4Seeinghands

看手

IntheSovietUnionseveralcaseshavebeenreportedrecentlyofpeoplewhocanreadanddetectcolourswiththeir

fingers,andevenseethroughsoliddoorsandwalls.Onecaseconcernsan

'eleven-year-oldschoolgirl,VeraPetrova,whohasnormalvisionbutwhocanalsoperceivethingswithdifferentparts

ofherskin,andthroughsolidwalls.Thisabilitywasfirstnoticedbyherfather.Onedayshecameintohisofficeand

happenedtoputherhandsonthedoorofalockedsafe.Suddenlysheaskedherfatherwhyhekeptsomanyold

newspaperslockedawaythere,andevendescribedthewaytheyweredoneupinbundles.

Vera'scurioustalentwasbroughttothenoticeofascientificresearchinstituteinthetownofUlyanovsk,nearwhere

shelives,andinAprilshewasgivenaseriesoftestsbyaspecialcommissionoftheMinistryofHealthoftheRussian

FederalRepublic.Duringthesetestsshewasabletoreadanewspaperthroughanopaquescreenand,strangerstill,

bymovingherelbowoverachild'sgameofLottoshewasabletodescribethefiguresandcoloursprintedonit;and,

inanotherinstance,wearingstockingsandslippers,tomakeoutwithherfoottheoutlinesandcoloursofapicture

hiddenunderacarpet.Otherexperimentsshowedthatherkneesandshouldershadasimilarsensitivity.Duringall

thesetestsVerawasblindfold;and,indeed,exceptwhenblindfoldshelackedtheabilitytoperceivethingswithher

skin.Itwasalsofoundthatalthoughshecouldperceivethingswithherfingersthisabilityceasedthemomenther

handswerewet.

Newwordsandexpressions

生詞短語(yǔ)

1、Perceive

察覺(jué)，瞬間感覺(jué)到的

tomakeout費(fèi)盡心機(jī)辨出

Ilookedthoroughlyformyelderlymother,finallyImakeherout.Yeah,Iremembered,Ifinallymakehimout.

Iperceiveaflyinmyteacup.

2、elbowone'sway(用肘)擠出

elbowone'swayoutofthecrowed.擠出人群Notesonthetext

課文注釋Flash中沒(méi)有詳細(xì)講解

Lesson5NoRoomintheArk

諾亞方舟無(wú)容身之地

ThegorillaissomethingofaparadoxintheAfricanscene.Onethinksoneknowshimverywell.Forahundredyears

ormorehehasbeenkilled,captured,andimprisoned,inzoos.Hisboneshavebeenmountedinnaturalhistory

museumseverywhere,andhehasalwaysexertedastrongfascinationuponscientistsandromanticsalike.Heisthe

stereotypedmonsterofthehorrorfilmsandtheadventurebooks,andanobvious(thoughnotperhapsstrictly

scientific)linkwithourancestralpast.

Yetthefactisweknowverylittleaboutgorillas.Noreallysatisfactoryphotographhaseverbeentakenofoneina

wildstate,nozoologist,howeverintrepid,hasbeenabletokeeptheanimalundercloseandconstantobservationin

thedarkjunglesinwhichhelives.CarlAkeley,theAmericannaturalist,ledtwoexpeditionsinthenineteen-twenties,

andnowliesburiedamongtheanimalshelovedsowell.Butevenhewasunabletodiscoverhowlongthegorilla

lives,orhoworwhyitdies,norwasheabletodefinetheexactsocialpatternofthefamilygroups,orindicatethefinal

extentoftheirintelligence.Allthisandmanyotherthingsremainalmostasmuchamysteryastheywerewhenthe

FrenchexplorerDuChaillufirstdescribedtheanimaltothecivilizedworldacenturyago.TheAbominableSnowman

whohauntstheimaginationofclimbersintheHimalayasishardlymoreelusive.

Newwordsandexpressions

生詞短語(yǔ)

(goodarticle:fivestars該文寫(xiě)得不錯(cuò)。)

the+n.(s)表示一類(lèi):thegorilla(s)

scene場(chǎng)景

intheAfricanscene:Africaasthebackgroundgatherpalace聚集地

somethingofaparadox自相矛盾(人又寸猩猩的觀點(diǎn))contradictoryideasabouthim

主題句:Onethinksoneknowshimverywell.

問(wèn)題：Yetthefactisweknowverylittleaboutgorillas.

Theirideasvary。人們對(duì)他的觀點(diǎn)相差很大。

Forahundredyearsormore一百年甚至更多(包括一百年)

Formorethanonehundredyears一百多年

西方，動(dòng)物一?用人稱(chēng)代替。本文中,gorillas用him代替。另外有：

cat-she,dog-he.

imprisoned關(guān)起來(lái)圈養(yǎng)

bemountedinnaturalhistorymuseums陳列在自然歷史博物館

重點(diǎn)句型：

Heexertastrongfascinationupon(on)Sb.施加給人們強(qiáng)大的魅力

exert...on...

施加(壓力)

impose…on…，例如imposeinfluenceon,imposepressureon

上句可表示為HehaveastrongfascinationforSb.

或ThegorillaisalwaysfascinatingtoSb.

alikeadv.相同，一樣adj.只能做表語(yǔ)。例如：

Thetwoarealike.這兩人真像。

形容詞只要以a開(kāi)頭，99.99%都做表語(yǔ)。不能做定語(yǔ)詞。例如：asleep,awake,afloat等

Heisthestereotypedmonsterofthehorrorfilmsandtheadventurebooks.stereotyped-oldtime老樣子horror

films恐怖片

film(英)movie(美)

thestereotypedmonster名至典模式省略主語(yǔ)and(heis)anobvious(...)linkwithourancestralpastlinkwith...與...

相聯(lián)系

ourancestralpast

(n.)

throughnotperhapsstriklyscientific

盡管話說(shuō)回來(lái)，不是嚴(yán)格的科學(xué)概念

through引導(dǎo)的從句主語(yǔ)和主句相同，可以省略。

Eg:Iarrivedatthemeeting,though(Iwas)late.

Yet與however，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意思完全相同。但yet用在句首，however加標(biāo)點(diǎn)，可以用在自由位置。

重要句型：

Noreallysatisfactoryphotographhaseverbeentakenofonein...Takepicture/photograph照相

ofone

定語(yǔ)后置‘satisfactoryphotographofone。主要是為了句子的平衡。One指gorillainawildstate在野生狀態(tài)下

keepthe...under...observation把某事處于觀察之下

keepthecityclean保持城市清潔

closeandconstantobservation持續(xù)不斷的觀察

Eg:Ihavetokeeptheboyunderclosecontrol.Tocontroltheboyverystrikly.

插入語(yǔ)：howeverintrepid=nomatterhowintrepid無(wú)論多么英勇

Eg:Noman,howeverintelligent,isperfect.

Nopalace,howeverpeacefulandtranquil,isaparadise,liesburiedhereamongtheanimalshelovedsowell埋葬在

他所鐘愛(ài)的動(dòng)物中間

形容詞做狀語(yǔ)：在awake,liecrouched

lifespan壽命

howlongthegorillalives因?yàn)樾尚傻膲勖陀^存在，所以live用一般現(xiàn)代時(shí)。Organ'sdecay器官衰竭

Nor引導(dǎo)否定并列句，與unable并列生活方式:groupliving,individualliving智力：intelligence-IQ,intelligence

qoutientCIA-theCentralIntelligenceAgencyofAmerica

CID-CriminalinvestigationDivision重案組，罪犯調(diào)查科

Allthisandmanyotherthingremain(amostasmuch)amystery(as)theywere.asmuchas同thesameas

...remainamysterythesameastheywere.

Heisasmuchamusicianasawriter.=Heisbothamusicianandawriter.

civilizedworld文明世界

savagedworld野生世界

civilized:togetawayfromwildlife

中文中的“文明單位”不能用civilized,應(yīng)該用model或pacesettingunit

I'mapacesoldiery-我是排頭兵。

TheAbominableSnowmanwhohauntstheimaginationofclimbersintheHimalayasishardlymoreelusive.那縈繞

在喜馬拉雅山爬山者腦海中的那種令人難以捉摸的雪人，看起來(lái)也不一定比我們研究的大猩猩更加令人費(fèi)盡心思。

(通過(guò)側(cè)面比較，引出結(jié)論，一種有用的寫(xiě)作方法)

AbominableSnowman作比較，省略gorilla

Lesson6Youth

青年

Peoplearealwaystalkingabout'theproblemofyouth*,Ifthereisone-whichItakeleavetodoubt-thenitisolder

peoplewhocreateit,nottheyoungthemselves.Letusgetdowntofundamentalsandagreethattheyoungareafter

allhumanbeings-peoplejustliketheirelders.Thereisonlyonedifferencebetweenanoldmanandayoungone:the

youngmanhasagloriousfuturebeforehimandtheoldonehasasplendidfuturebehindhim:andmaybethatis

wheretherubis.

WhenIwasateenager,IfeltthatIwasjustyounganduncertain-thatIwasanewboyinahugeschool,andIwould

havebeenverypleasedtoberegardedassomethingsointerestingasaproblem.Foronething,beingaproblem

givesyouacertainidentity,andthatisoneofthethingstheyoungarebusilyengagedinseeking.

Ifindyoungpeopleexciting.Theyhaveanairoffreedom,andtheyhavenotadrearycommitmenttomeanambitions

orloveofcomfort.Theyarenotanxioussocialclimbers,andtheyhavenodevotiontomaterialthings.Allthisseems

tometolinkthemwithlife,andtheoriginsofthings.It'sasiftheywereinsomesensecosmicbeingsinviolentan

lovelycontrastwithussuburbancreatures.AllthatisinmymindwhenImeetayoungperson.Hemaybeconceited,

illmannered,presumptuousoffatuous,butIdonotturnforprotectiontodrearyclichesaboutrespectforelders-asif

mereagewereareasonforrespect.Iacceptthatweareequals,andIwillarguewithhim,asanequal,ifIthinkheis

wrong.

Newwordsandexpressions

生詞短語(yǔ)

sb.takeleavetodosth.允許某人做某事，冒昧做某事

getdowntosth.

認(rèn)真研究

getdownto+名詞/動(dòng)名詞

glorious光輝燦爛的

rub難題

teenager青少年

foronething原因之一，有一點(diǎn)是…

連接詞…foranotheridentity

身份

airoffreedom無(wú)拘無(wú)束air:神態(tài)、氣勢(shì)

dreary沉郁的

ambition追名逐利

cosmicbeing宇宙人humanbeing人

violent強(qiáng)烈的，暴力的

suburban見(jiàn)識(shí)不廣的，有偏見(jiàn)的

conceited自高自大的

presumptuous自以為是的，放肆的

fatuous愚蠢的

cliche陳詞濫調(diào)

Itakeleavetosay...

我冒昧地說(shuō)…

Itakeleavetobefrank

恕我直言。口語(yǔ)：maybeI'mtoobold...

or.

I'mboldenough...or.

Allow

myself

tosay...

Takeone'sleave=takeleave離開(kāi)(正式用法)

Wouldyoupleasetakeyourleave?

我很煩的幾種表示法：

Whatabore.Whatanuisance.

Whatatrial

Whatajerk.

getdownto+名詞/動(dòng)名詞

例：我開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)了。

Igetdowntomystudies.

Igetdowntolearningmybook.to

介詞

同義詞：beengagedin

glorious

gloryn.光榮

(rosy,shining,brilliant,magnificent,gorgeous)

inone'sglory:在某人的鼎盛時(shí)期

inone'sday

inone'sgoldendays

inone'sprimetime

intheprideofone'slife

rub摩擦

atodds有矛盾

havewordswithsb.和…拌嘴

Doyougettherub?

Doyougetthepicture?Doyoucatchme?

Doyougetme?

Whafstherange?問(wèn)年齡

Teenager14到

Underthirteen.Adolescent:13到

Juvenile青少年

Youth20到

Air:神態(tài)(多用復(fù)數(shù))Healwaysputsonairs.擺譜

Arrogantairs:

傲氣

Bureaucraticairs:官氣

Finickyairs嬌氣

Dreary同：drearisomea.無(wú)味?無(wú)期［J

Sterile:枯燥無(wú)味

Monotonous:乏味無(wú)聊

Gloomy:沉悶

Lifeless:無(wú)生氣的

Ihaveambitionforgoingabroad/togaoabroad.Fish...(wealthandfame)

Chase...(fameandgains)Pursue...

Cosmic宇宙

Cosmonaut宇航員=astronaut

Astro-/aster天體

DisasterCosmicplace:大都市Metropolis:大都市

Violentnonviolence非暴力狂風(fēng)：violentwind

暴死：violentdeathvehement猛烈的

同義詞:turbulent

tumultuous

suburb郊區(qū)

urbane:有禮貌的short-sighted目光短淺的

narroe-minded/small-minded

insular絕緣，目光短淺的provincial

conceited自高自大的

驕傲的conceit（n.）

pride自豪

big-headed頭發(fā)脹的cocky自負(fù)的

chicken膽〃、鬼sweller膨脹的over-confidentpeoplearealwaystalkingabout*theproblemofyouth5.Aretalking

到目前為止一直討論

'theproblemofyouth'加引號(hào)，引用。

-whichItakeleavetodoubt插入語(yǔ)“我冒昧的說(shuō)”，表示懷疑

-Ifthereisany,同樣表示懷疑

straightforward開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山

itisolderpeoplewhocreatit.—強(qiáng)調(diào)句

letus（speakerexclusive）-Lefs（speakerinclusive）

getdowntofundamentalsfundamental=basic基本的

fundamentalist信奉正統(tǒng)基督教的人

afterall-退一步

like-（介詞）省略了謂語(yǔ)arepeoplearejustlijetheirelders

gloriousfuture光輝的未來(lái)

splendidfuture光輝的未來(lái)（已過(guò)去的，對(duì)老年人而言）

wheretherubis癥結(jié)所在，問(wèn)題就出在這

hatred:憎恨

ironical諷刺的，用反語(yǔ)的uncertain后面省略用法

Iwouldhavebeen虛擬語(yǔ)氣

Something重要的東西

Youaresomebody.你是重要人物

So..as...后置定語(yǔ)

出色：outstanding

standout站出來(lái)，鶴立雞群cutfigure嶄露頭角

oneofthethings正是其中之一

seeking=lookingfor

exciting令人激動(dòng)的

airoffreedom無(wú)拘無(wú)束

=carefree,freedomfromcare

commitment專(zhuān)注（to+名詞/動(dòng)名詞）

love=seek追求mean意味著，?鄙=disgusting

anxious虎視眈眈的

polish擦，磨applepolisher溜須拍馬bootlicker拍馬屁者

nodevotionto熱愛(ài)（貶）materialthings物質(zhì)享受tome在我看來(lái)（插入語(yǔ)）

life生機(jī)

lifeless沒(méi)生機(jī)的，死氣沉沉的

linkwith把什么聯(lián)系起來(lái)origin起源original原本的

asif虛擬假設(shè)

insomesence可以這么說(shuō)吧（插入語(yǔ)）

incontrastwith與…比較violent強(qiáng)烈=stronglovely生動(dòng)的?完美的

后置的同位語(yǔ)

suburbancreatures前面用得是-cosmicbeingsmediocre平庸的

idol偶像idiot傻瓜

conceited自負(fù)

ill-mannered粗暴presumptuous自以為是的fatuous愚蠢無(wú)比的

turnforprotectionto尋求保護(hù)turnto求助

dreary=boringcliche沉郁的

cliche陳詞濫調(diào)，老生常談

Lesson7Thesportingspirit

運(yùn)動(dòng)精神

IamalwaysamazedwhenIhearpeoplesayingthatsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenations,andthatifonlythe

commonpeoplesoftheworldcouldmeetoneanotheratfootballorcricket,theywouldhavenoinclinationtomeeton

thebattlefield.Evenifonedidn'tknowfromconcreteexamples(the1936OlympicGames,forinstance)that

internationalsportingcontestsleadtoorgiesofhatred,onecoulddeduceitfromgeneralprinciples.

Nearlyallthesportspractisednowadaysarecompetitive.Youplaytowin,andthegamehaslittlemeaningunless

youdoyourutmosttowin.Onthevillagegreen,whereyoupickupsidesandnofeelingoflocalpatriotismisinvolved,

itispossibletoplaysimplyforthefunandexercise:butassoonasthequestionofprestigearises,assoonasyou

feelthatyouandsomelargerunitwillbedisgracedifyoulose,themostsavagecombativeinstinctsarearoused.

Anyonewhohasplayedeveninaschoolfootballmatchknowsthis.Attheinternationallevelsportisfranklymimic

warfare.Butthesignificantthingisnotthebehaviouroftheplayersbuttheattitudeofthespectators:and,behindthe

spectators,ofthenations.whoworkthemselvesintofuriesovertheseabsurdcontests,andseriouslybelieve-atany

rateforshortperiods-thatrunning,jumpingandkickingaballaretestsofnationalvirtue.

Newwordsandexpressions

生詞短語(yǔ)goodwilln.友好

prestigen.

聲譽(yù)cricketn.板球

disgracevt.使丟臉inclinationn.意愿savage

n.野性的contestn.

比賽

combative

a.好斗的orgyn.

恣意，放蕩

frankly

ad.坦康地deducevt.推斷mimic

a.與??..極相似competitivea.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的

behaveiour

行動(dòng)

pickup隨意挑選spectatotor

n.觀眾

siden.隊(duì)

o…??引起...注意

patriotismn.

地方觀念?lèi)?ài)國(guó)主義

furyn.狂熱involvevt.卷入

absurd

a荒唐的atanyrate無(wú)論……，至少

Notesonthevocabularies詞語(yǔ)注釋

goodwill=friendshipn.友好

goodwillgames:友好運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)

goodwillvisit:友好訪問(wèn)

payagoodwillvisitto

。什icialvis也官方正式訪問(wèn)

statevisit:國(guó)事訪問(wèn)

cricketn.板球

asmerryasacricket(蟋蟀)形容心情高興，快樂(lè)無(wú)比

inclinationn.意愿

inclinev.

beinclinedtodosth

表示強(qiáng)烈的意愿

Iaminclinedtotaketoefl.

willing

showinclinationto

followone'sinclination隨心所欲

contestn.比賽

近義詞：competitiongamematchtournamentrace

contestsgroupofjudges

beautycontest

選美比賽

competitionsocially抽象使用

Socialcompetitionisfierce.

Dogeatdog.人吃人。形容競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈。

game:physically,mentally

match:quiteimportant

Chinawonthe2002WorldCupmatch.

tournament:淘汰賽，巡回賽。

race:以速度見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)

cycleracing

自行車(chē)比賽

carracing

賽車(chē)

orgyn.恣意，放蕩

revelryin狂歡

Irevelryinmysuccess,

onaspree

Thegirlisonashopingspree.

competitive

combative-貝乏義詞

同aggressive

compe譏ive-褒義詞/中性詞

competitor?競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者

competewithsb.forsth.

pickup隨意挑選

side

隊(duì)

patriotismn.地方觀眾，愛(ài)國(guó)主義

patriot:愛(ài)國(guó)者patriotic:愛(ài)國(guó)的

involvevt.卷入

involveoneselfinscandal

beinvolvedin

prestigen.聲譽(yù)

prestigiousa,享有聲譽(yù)的Qinghuauniversityisveryprestigious.

近義詞：famerenown（renowned著名的）reputationeminence

disgracevt.使丟臉

grace,graceful-graceless

d