考研英語閱讀模擬202

［模擬］考研英語閱讀模擬202

多項(xiàng)選擇

Inthesamewaythatachildmustbeabletomovehisarmsandlegs

beforehecanlearntowalk,thechildmustphysiologicallybecapable

ofproducingandexperiencingparticularemotionsbeforetheseemotions

canbemodifiedthroughlearning.Psychologistshavefoundthatthereare

twobasicprocessesbywhichlearningtakesplace.Onekindoflearning

iscalled“classicalconditioning.”Thisoccurswhenoneeventorstimulus

iscontinuouslyfollowedbyarewardorpunishment.Itisthrough

classicalconditioningthatachildlearnstoassociatehismother，sface

andvoicewithhappinessandlove,forhelearnsthatthispersonprovides

foodandcomfort.Negativeemotionsarelearnedinasimilarfashion.

Thesecondkindoflearningiscalled“operant（動(dòng)作

的）conditioning."Thisoccurswhenanindividuallearnstodothingsthat

producerewardsinhisenvironmentandlearnsnottodothingsthatproduce

punishments.Forexample,ifamotheralwaysattendstoherbabywhenhe

criesandcuddleshimuntilheisquiet,shemayteachhimthatifhecries

hewillgetattentionfrommother.Thus,thebabywilllearntoincrease

hiscryinginordertohavehismothermore.

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第i題:

Themainpurposeofthispassageisto.

A.teachchildrenhowtolearntoproduceandexperiencecertain

emotions

B.givethecommonreaderageneraldescriptionoftwobasickindsof

learning

C.giveparentssomeadviceonhowtomodifytheirchildren，semotions

throughlearning

D.discusswithpsychologistshowpositiveandnegativefeelingsare

produced

參考答案：B

答案解析：

注釋:第一段第四行提及therearetwobasicprocessesbywhichlearning

takesplace,下文就這句話展開論述。

第2題:

Ifachildisbittenorstartledseveraltimesbyadog,hemaylearnto

1

associatefurry（有毛皮的）animalswithpainorstartleandthusdevelop

afearoffurryanimals.Thisisatypicalexampleoflearningthrough

A.classicalconditioning

B.operantconditioning

C.bothAandB

D.neitherAnorB

參考答案：A

答案解析：

注釋：如果一個(gè)小孩被狗咬了或嚇了多次，那么狗既是刺激物，也總是伴隨著負(fù)

面的影響而出現(xiàn)。所以就孩子而言，adogis^associatedwith^or"pairedwith”

pain,屬于典型的classicalconditioning的認(rèn)知過程。

第3題：

Ifyourjokesoftenfindareadyechoinaperson,youwilllearnthrough

—thattellingjokestothispersonisfun,andyouwilltrywith

greatereffortstobehumorousinhispresence.

A.classicalconditioning

B.operantconditioning

C.neitherAnorB

D.someothersortsofconditioning

參考答案：B

答案解析：

注釋：如果某人說笑話，就能產(chǎn)生共鳴，此人必然會(huì)進(jìn)一步朝這方面努力，這種

認(rèn)知過程符合第二段對(duì)“operantconditioning”的闡述一anindividuallearns

todothingsthatproducesrewards一個(gè)人總是會(huì)做能夠產(chǎn)生嘉獎(jiǎng)或正面效

果的事情。

第4題：

Theword“cuddle”inPara.2mostprobablymeans.

A.persuade

B.holdcloseandlovely

C.threaten

D.shoutat

參考答案：B

答案解析：

注釋：本題的關(guān)鍵是理解出現(xiàn)“cuddle”一詞的整個(gè)句子的意思，特別是后半句

中的線索untilheisquieto由于讓嬰兒安靜的一般方式是將其抱在懷里哄，

所以最接近的意思應(yīng)該是B選項(xiàng)。其他選項(xiàng)的意思明顯起不了讓嬰兒安靜的作

用。

2

第5題：

Howcanamotherhelpthebabytocryless?

A.Cuddlethebabyuntilheisquiet.

B.Leavethebabyalone.

C.Donotalwaysattendtothebaby.

D.Teachthebabynottocry.

參考答案：C

答案解析：

注釋：本題的關(guān)鍵是找到其依據(jù)句，也就是文章的最后一個(gè)句子。本句的含義是:

如果每次嬰孩一哭母親就要管他的話，就會(huì)鼓勵(lì)他多哭來吸引母親的注意。所以，

可以推斷出不應(yīng)該任何時(shí)候他一哭就管他。其他選項(xiàng)盡管有一定的道理，但不是

這個(gè)依據(jù)句的意思。

Anassumptionthatunderliesmostdiscussionsofelectricfacility

sitingisthattheinitialselectionofasiteistheresponsibilityof

theutilityconcerned一subjecttogovernmentalreviewandapprovalonly

afterthesitehasbeenchosen.Thisassumptionmustbechangedsothat

siteselectionbecomesajointresponsibilityoftheutilitiesandthe

appropriategovernmentalauthoritiesfromtheoutset.Sitingdecisions

wouldbemadeinaccordancewitheitheroftwostrategies.

Themetropolitanstrategytakestheexistingdistributionof

populationandsupportingfacilitiesasgiven.Anattemptisthenmade

tochoosebetweendispersedorconcentratedsitingandtolocate

generatingfacilitiesinaccordancewithsomeeconomicprinciple.For

example,theeconomicobjectivesofleast-costconstructionandrapid

start-upmaybeachieved,inpart,byametropolitanstrategywhichtakes

advantageofexistingelementsofsocialandphysicalinfrastructurein

thebigcities.Underthefrontierstrategy,theenergyparkmaybetaken

asanindependentvariable,subjecttomanipulationbypolicy-makersas

ameansofachievingdesireddemographicorsocialgoals,suchas

rural-town-citymix.Thus,populationdistributionistakenasagoalof

nationalsocialpolicy,notanationalenergypolicy.Inthefrontier

strategy,theoptionofdispersedsitingisirrelevanttothestandpoint

ofcommunityimpactbecausethereisnopre-existingcommunityofany

size.

Traditionally,theresource一endowmentofalocation-and

especiallyitssituationrelativetotheprimaryindustryoftheinland

areas一hashadaspecialimportanceinAmericanhistory.Intheearly

agriculturalperiod,themostvaluednaturalendowmentwasarableland

withgoodclimateandavailablewater.America'soldestcitieswere

mercantileout-postsofsuchagriculturalareas.Deepwaterports

developedtoservetheagriculturalinlandareas,whichproducedstaple

commoditiesindemandontheworldmarket.Fromthe1840sonward,the

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AmericanmanufacturingheartlanddevelopedwestwardstoencompassLake

Superiorironores,thePennsylvaniacoalfields,andtheNortheast，s

financial,entrepreneurial,andmanufacturingroles.Subsequent

metropolitangrowthhasbeenorganizedaroundthisnationalcore.

Thefrontierstrategyimplementstheprincipleofcreated

opportunity；anythishelpsexplainwhysomeenvironmentalistsperceive

theenergyparkideaasathreattonature.Buttheproblemsofmodern

society,withorwithoutenergyparks,requireevermorecomprehensive

planning.AndenergyparksareameansofadvancingAmericansocial

historyratherthanmerelyrespondingtopowerneedsinanunplanned,

adhocmanner.

3

第6題:

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainpointofthe

passage?

A.Governmentregulatoryauthoritiesshouldparticipateinelectric

facilitysiteselectiontofurthersocialgoals.

B.Energyparkswillhaveasignificantinfluenceonthedemographic

featuresoftheAmericanpopulatiation.

C.UrbangrowthintheUnitedStateswaslargelytheresultofeconomic

forcesratherthanconscientiousplanning.

D.Americaneedslargerpower-productionfacilitiesinurbanandrural

areastomeettheincreasingdemandforenergy.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

［A］意為：政府管理部門應(yīng)該參與電力設(shè)施建設(shè)地點(diǎn)的選擇，以便促進(jìn)社會(huì)目標(biāo)

的實(shí)現(xiàn)。第一段指出，討論選擇電力設(shè)施建設(shè)地點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，人們大都認(rèn)為相關(guān)

的電力公司最初負(fù)責(zé)選地方，地方選好后，政府再審核批準(zhǔn)。在作者看來，這種

認(rèn)識(shí)必須加以矯正，建設(shè)地點(diǎn)的選擇最初就應(yīng)該由電力公司和相關(guān)的政府部門共

同完成，第一段第二句是本文的主旨。第二、第三段談到了選擇地點(diǎn)的兩種方式,

及其與社會(huì)發(fā)展的關(guān)系。最后一段第二、第三句總結(jié)指出，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)產(chǎn)生的問題

要求做出比以往任何時(shí)候更綜合的規(guī)劃，能源園區(qū)是促進(jìn)美國(guó)社會(huì)歷史前進(jìn)的手

段，而不應(yīng)該僅僅被看做是以一種缺乏計(jì)劃的任意方式滿足能源需要的手段。這

里強(qiáng)調(diào)了兩個(gè)方面，一是政府參與選地點(diǎn)，二是建設(shè)能源設(shè)施的目的。［B］意為:

能源園區(qū)將對(duì)美國(guó)人口的分布特點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生重大影響。根據(jù)第二段，只有第二種方式

(frontierstrategy)對(duì)人口的分布產(chǎn)生重大影響(參閱本段第四句)。［D］意為:

美國(guó)需要在城鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)建設(shè)更大的能源生產(chǎn)設(shè)施，以滿足增長(zhǎng)的能源需要。這也許

是事實(shí)，但卻不是本文的主旨。

第7題:

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Populationwillberedistributedasaresultof.

A.themetropolitanstrategy

B.thefrontierstrategy

C.neitherthefrontierstrategynorthemetropolitanstrategy

D.boththefrontierstrategyandthemetropolitanstrategy

參考答案：B

答案解析：

［B］參閱第二段最后兩句。第二段第一句也指出，在實(shí)行大都市策略的情況下，

現(xiàn)有人口的分布和輔助設(shè)施是現(xiàn)成的，不需要重新安置或建設(shè)。

第8題：

Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageascharacteristicsof

energyparksEXCEPT.

A.energyparkswillbebuiltuponpreviouslyundevelopedsites

B.energyparkswillbebuiltinareasremotefrommajorpopulation

centers

C.energyparkscanbebuiltinaconcentratedplacetoserveabig

city

D.energyparkswillbebuiltatsitesthatarenearfuelsourcessuch

ascoal

參考答案：D

答案解析：

［D］意為：能源園區(qū)將被建設(shè)在接近能源（如煤）的地方。這是本文沒有提到的。

事實(shí)上，在第三段，文章提到了能源設(shè)施的建設(shè)是依照工農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展而定的。［A］

意為：能源園區(qū)會(huì)建在心前不發(fā)達(dá)的在區(qū)。第二段最后一句指出，就拓荒地建

設(shè)策略而言，從對(duì)社區(qū)影響的角度來說，談不上是否分散建設(shè)（能源設(shè)施的）地點(diǎn)，

因?yàn)椋ㄔ谕鼗牡厣希┤魏紊鐓^(qū)還不存在。不存在任何社會(huì)的區(qū)域當(dāng)然是未開墾的區(qū)

域，是相對(duì)落后的地區(qū)。有關(guān)［B］參閱對(duì)［A］的解釋。有關(guān)［C］參閱第二

段第二句。

第9題：

Itisimpliedinthepassagethatinselectingasiteforpastelectric

facilities.

A.governmentauthorityexercisedonlyareviewfunction

B.decisionsweremadewithoutregardtotheeffectthefacilitywould

haveontheenvironment

C.sitesselectedbyutilitieswereoftenopposedbyenvironmentalist

groups

D.both［A］and［B］

參考答案：D

答案解析：

5

［D］［A］意為：政府部門僅實(shí)施審查功能；［B］意為：在不考慮設(shè)施對(duì)環(huán)境的影

響下做出決定。有關(guān)［A］參閱第一段及第1題題解。有關(guān)［B］參閱最后一段第

一句，該句指出，拓荒地的建設(shè)策略實(shí)行的是創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)的原則，這就是某些環(huán)境

保護(hù)者將能源園區(qū)的建設(shè)看做是對(duì)大自然的威脅的原因。這說明，某些能源園區(qū)

的建設(shè)沒有考慮到對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。［C］的問題主要在于。ften這個(gè)詞。參閱最

后一段第一句。

第10題：

Withwhichoneofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikely

agree?

A.Decisionsaboutthelocationsforpowerplantsshouldbeleftto

theutilities.

B.Governmentleadersinthenineteenthcenturywereirresponsiblein

notsupervisingurbangrowthmoreclosely.

C.Naturalfeaturesofaregionsuchascultivatablelandandwater

supplyarenotlongerimportanttourbangrowth.

D.Modernsocietyissocomplexthatgovernmentsmusttakegreater

responsibilityfordecisionssuchaspowerplantsiting.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

［D］參閱第1題題解。［B］意為：19世紀(jì)的政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不負(fù)責(zé)任，沒有密切監(jiān)督

城市的發(fā)展。該選擇項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容本文沒有提到。［C］意為：一個(gè)地區(qū)的自然

風(fēng)貌一一如可耕地和水資源一一對(duì)城市的發(fā)展不再重要了。該選擇項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容

本文沒有提到。

Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,

offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereare

other,moresurprisingcauses.

Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounsel

patientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnew

waystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.

Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows.

Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodand

shedtissue.Thebacteriaemitevil-smellinggasses,theworstofwhich

ishydrogensulfide.

Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygen-richsaliva

keepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastream

slows,andsulfide-producingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producing

classicumorningbreath".

Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouth

duringexercise一anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.So

canstress,thoughit，snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople'sbreathturns

soureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.

6

Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhythe

elderlyhavemorebad-breathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,

however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelatively

fewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.

Formostofus,thesimple,dry-mouthvarietyofbadbreathis

easilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyof

thebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.

Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,

hardcandy,orabottleofwaterofjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipes

outdry-mouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffending

bacteria.

Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.The

liquidcanmaskbad-breathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlasts

nomorethananhour.Somemouth-washesclaimtokillthebacteria

responsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon，tnecessarilyreach

alloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunder

thicklayersofmucus.Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcoholasmostdoitcan

intensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.

第H題：

Thephraseemanatefrom”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans.

A.thriveon

B.accountfor

C.originatefrom

D.descendfrom

參考答案：C

答案解析：

[C]emanate意為"散發(fā)出”。

第12題：

Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?

A.Toothtrouble.

B.Sulfur-richfood.

C.Toomuchexercise.

D.Mentalstrain.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

[D]本文提到了造成口中異味的幾種原因，其中包括喝酒、饑餓、說話太多、鍛

煉時(shí)用嘴呼吸、情緒緊張(stress)等。參閱第五段。

7

第13題:

Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreath

mainlybecause.

A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing

B.itssmelladdstobadbreath

C.itkillssomehelpfulbacteria

D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva

參考答案：D

答案解析：

[D]意為：它影響了唾液的正常流動(dòng)。第三段提到，當(dāng)唾液流得慢的時(shí)候就會(huì)產(chǎn)

生口腔異味。既然酒能產(chǎn)生口腔異味（見第五段），說明酒造成了唾液流得慢的現(xiàn)

象。另請(qǐng)參閱文章最后一句。

第14題：

Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause.

A.theycan，tmaskthebadodorlongenough

B.theycan，tgettoalltheoffendingbacteria

C.theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworse

D.theycan，tcoverthethicklayersmucus

參考答案：B

答案解析：

[B]意為：它們接觸不到引起問題的細(xì)菌。根據(jù)最后一段第四、第五句，漱口劑

效果不佳的原因是，漱口劑接觸不到引起問題的所有細(xì)菌，多數(shù)細(xì)菌被掩藏在黏

液層的下面，不能被殺死。

第15題:

Wecaninferfromthispassagethat.

A.offensivebreathcan'teasilybecured

B.elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreath

C.heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreath

D.offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcohol

參考答案：A

答案解析：

[A]口腔異味不容易醫(yī)治。參閱最后一段。

Duringthe1970s,apprenticeshipprogramsforthetradeswere

establishedinhighschoolsineightdemonstrationsitesaroundthe

country一currentlyinvolvingabout1500students.Uponcompletionof

highschool,thesestudentsbecomeregisteredapprentices.Theprograms

areconsideredsuccessful；however,theirnumbers,likethenumbers

8

involvedintradeapprenticeshipsnationally(only300000),arevery

limitedandareconcentratedinthebuildingtrades.

Apprenticeshipshavenowreemergedasameansofimproving

education,particularly,butnotexclusively,forthosestudentswhodo

notgoontopost-secondaryeducation.Atitssimplest,thenew

American-styleyouthapprenticeshipisasystematicmixofacademic

instructioninsecondaryandpost-secondaryschoolswith

employment-basedtrainingofstudentsatalevelofqualitysufficient

tocertifytheirabilitytoperformentry-leveltasksinskilled

occupationscapablyandprofessionally.

TheUSDepartmentofLaborrecentlyproposedatwo-tiered

strategyforraisingtheskilllevelofthenation，sworkforceby

strengtheningandpreservingthetraditionalapprenticeshipsystemwhile

encouragingtheexpansionofstructuredwork-basedlearningwhich

incorporatesthesuccessfulfeaturesofapprenticeship.Throughits

Apprenticeshipinitiative,theDepartmentofLaboriscurrentlyfunding

aseriesofschool-to-workdemonstrationprojectsdesignedtohelpchange

thewaystudentslearnbasicworkplaceskillsbyapplyingtheprinciples

behindtheGermansystem,particularlytheuseofworkplacesaslearning

environmentsandthemeaningfulinterrelationoflearningandwork.Each

projectinvolveswork-basedlearningstrategiesthatcombineworkand

classroomlearningtobetterpreparestudentsforhigh-skillcareers.In

anefforttoaddresstheoutdatedblue-collarimagetraditionally

associatedwiththetermuapprenticeshipv,theNationalAllianceof

Businesshasdevelopedatrainingmodelwhichcomprisestheelementsof

apprenticeshipbutgoesbythenewtermof“jobperformancelearning”,

therebyhopingtoattractbusinessestoutilizetheseprogramstoensure

ahighly-skilledworkforce.

Otheryouthapprenticeshipandwork-basedlearningprograms

havebeenestablishedincommunitiesacrossthecountry,including

statewideeffortssuchasthoseinMichigan.Themajorityoftheseprograms

providepaidworkexperiencesforstudentsthatstructurelearninginto

theworkexperienceandusecurriculummaterialsandinstructional

strategiesthatbuildonthestudents*workexperiences.

第16題：

Itisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthattheapprenticeshipprograms

A.shouldbeexpandedtocoverothertradesthanthebuildingtrades

B.shouldnotbeconcentratedemployment-basedtrainingonly

C.arebetterdevelopedinthebuildingtradesthaninothertrades

9

D.shouldinvolvestudentsotherthanhighschoolstudents

參考答案：A

答案解析：

[A]意為：應(yīng)該擴(kuò)展到建筑行業(yè)以外的行業(yè)。第一段第三句指出，這種項(xiàng)目（指

行業(yè)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目：apprenticeshipprograms）被認(rèn)為是很成功的，但是，他們

（指接受這種教育的學(xué)生）的數(shù)量，就像參與全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)其他行業(yè)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)的學(xué)

生的數(shù)量一樣非常有限，主要集中于建筑行業(yè)。這里的含義是：這種培訓(xùn)應(yīng)擴(kuò)大

數(shù)量和行業(yè)。

第17題：

WhatdotheUSstudentslearnintheapprenticeshipprogram?

A.Simulatedproblem-solvingtasks.

B.Academicknowledgeandpracticalskills.

C.Workingskillsnecessaryintheirfuturejobs.

D.Academicknowledgeandjob-huntingskills.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

[B]第二段第二句提到，簡(jiǎn)單地說，新型的美國(guó)模式的青年人行業(yè)培訓(xùn)是一個(gè)

系統(tǒng)的混合式教育，它包括中學(xué)和中學(xué)畢業(yè)后的科目知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)與職業(yè)培訓(xùn)，后

者的目的在于將學(xué)生的能力水平提高到一定程度，使他們有資格去稱職地、內(nèi)行

地做好技術(shù)行業(yè)基本工作?？梢?，這里包括知識(shí)和技能兩個(gè)內(nèi)容。

第18題：

ItcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthattheGermanapprenticeship

programsemphasize.

A.creatingacomfortableworkingenvironment

B.trainingpracticalproblem-solvingskills

C.work-basedtrainingandlearning

D.high-skilltrainingandlearning

參考答案：C

答案解析：

[C]意為：在崗培訓(xùn)與學(xué)習(xí)。第三段第二句提到，通過行業(yè)培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目

（apprenticeshipinitiative）,（美國(guó)）勞工部目前正在資助一系列學(xué)校與工作

場(chǎng)所相結(jié)合的試點(diǎn)培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目，這些項(xiàng)目的目的是:通過應(yīng)用德國(guó)培訓(xùn)體制的原則,

特別是其將工作場(chǎng)所當(dāng)做學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境和學(xué)習(xí)工作雙促進(jìn)的原則，來幫助改變學(xué)生學(xué)

習(xí)基本工作技能的方式。

第19題：

Theexpression“jobperformancelearning”（inthethirdparagraph）is

preferabletotheword“apprenticeship“inthat.

A.modernprofessionaltrainingistotallydifferentfromthe

io

traditionalone

B.thelatterisnolongerinuseinthefieldofprofessionaltraining

C.theformersoundsmoreattractivetoprospectiveemployers

D.traditionalprofessionaltrainingisnolongerapplicabletomodern

situations

參考答案：c

答案解析：

[C]意為：前者讓未來的雇主聽起來更富有吸引力。第三段最后一句提到，一

提起“行業(yè)培訓(xùn)”（apprentice原義為“學(xué)徒工”），人們總是聯(lián)想到過去的藍(lán)

領(lǐng)工人的形象，為了改變?nèi)藗冞@種意識(shí)，全國(guó)商人聯(lián)誼會(huì)創(chuàng)造了一種新的（培訓(xùn)I）

模式，這種模式包括了行業(yè)培訓(xùn)的要素，但是采用了一種新的叫法一一“工作技

能學(xué)習(xí)”，他們這樣做的目的是希望能吸引公司來利用這些項(xiàng)目，以確保他們的

勞動(dòng)力技能高超。

第20題:

SuchprogramsasthoseinMichiganattachgreatimportanceto.

A.thelearningofcurriculummaterials

B.workexperiences

C.jobperformancelearning

D.on-the-joblearning

參考答案：D

答案解析：

[D]意為：在崗培訓(xùn)。最后一段第一句提到，全國(guó)其他社區(qū)也設(shè)立了青年人行

業(yè)培訓(xùn)和在崗學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃，包括密歇根等州全州范圍內(nèi)的項(xiàng)目。

Successfulinnovationshavedrivenmanyoldertechnologiesto

extinctionandhaveresultedinhigherproductivity,greaterconsumption

ofenergy,increaseddemandforrawmaterials,acceleratedflowof

materialsthroughtheeconomyandincreasedquantitiesofmetalsandother

substancesinuseperperson.Thehistoryofindustrialdevelopmentis

fullofexamples.

In1870,horsesandmulesweretheprimesourceofpoweronU.S.

farms.Onehorseormulewasrequiredtosupportfourhumanbeings-aratio

thatremainedalmostconstantformanydecades.Atthattime,hada

nationalcommissionbeenaskedtoforecastthehorseandmulepopulation

for1970,itsanswerprobablywouldhavedependedonwhetherits

consultantswereofaneconomicturnofmind.Hadtheybeen“economists”,

theywouldhaverecognizedthatthepowerofsteamhadalreadybeen

harnessedtoindustryandtolandandoceantransport.Theywouldhave

recognizedfurtherthatiswouldbeonlyamatteroftimebeforesteam

wouldbetheprimesourceofpoweronthefarm.Itwouldhavebeendifficult

forthemtoavoidtheconclusionthatthehorseandmulepopulationwould

11

declinerapidly.

第21題:

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthorasaconsequence

ofnewtechnologicaldevelopments?

A.Oldertechnologiesdieaway.

B.Thequalityoflifeisimproved.

C.Overallproductivityincreases.

D.Morerawmaterialsbecomenecessary.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

注釋：本題的依據(jù)句是短文的第一個(gè)句子。新技術(shù)發(fā)展的結(jié)果中沒有提及生活質(zhì)

量的改善，而其他選項(xiàng)的信息都出現(xiàn)在依據(jù)句中。

第22題：

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatby1870.

A.thesteamenginehadbeeninvented

B.anationalcommissiononagriculturehadbeenestablished

C.theU.S.horsepopulationwasabout10million

D.technologybegantobemoreeconomical

參考答案：A

答案解析：

注釋：根據(jù)第二段開始部分，1870年時(shí)馬和騾子為美國(guó)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的主要?jiǎng)恿ΓM管

那時(shí)已出現(xiàn)蒸汽機(jī)。其他選項(xiàng)的信息有誤或沒有在短文中涉及。

第23題：

Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthepassagebemost

likelytoagree?

A.Technologicaldevelopmentinfluencessociety，sfuture.

B.Technologicalinnovationsarealmostalwayssuccessful.

C.Techniciansaremoreusefultosocietythaneconomists.

D.Theeconomyisindependentoftechnologicaltransformation.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

注釋：作者的觀點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)在第一段：技術(shù)的發(fā)展必定影響社會(huì)的未來。其他選項(xiàng)的

信息有誤或沒有在短文中涉及。

第24題:

12

Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat“economists”would

A.consultthenationalcommissionontheeconomy

B.plantheeconomythroughyearlyforecasts

C.considertheinfluenceoftechnologicalinnovationimportant

D.valuetheeconomiccontributionoffarmanimals

參考答案：C

答案解析：

注釋：根據(jù)第二段第三句，言中之意即“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家”應(yīng)該考慮技術(shù)改進(jìn)的重要性。

第25題：

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardchangesbroughtonbytechnological

innovation?

A.Heisexcitedaboutthem.

B.Heisdisturbedbythem.

C.Hequestionstheirusefulness.

D.Heacceptsthemasnatural.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

注釋：根據(jù)全文可體會(huì)出作者把技術(shù)改進(jìn)看做是必然的。

OfficialskickedofftheOlympiceconomywithatwo-daypromotion

conferencethatopenedonSundayinBeijing.

Economyherereferstobothdirectandindirectprofitsmade

byhostingtheGames.

Theorganizersincluded16municipalgovernmentdepartments.

Theeventattractedmorethan800delegatesofenterprises,

institutions,andacademies.

Thebigtopicishowtomakethebestofthebusinesspotential

oftheBeijing，sOlympics.

Theorganizerssaidtherewere387projectsattheeventthat

wouldneedabout134billionyuan一worthofinvestment.

Thebusinessopportunitiesinvolvemanufacturing,agriculture,

education,health,tourismandenvironmentalprotection.

ThiswasthelargestOlympicsbusinesspromotioninBeijingso

far.

Twenty-fourcompaniesonMondaysignedupfor10projects,worth

21.5billionyuaninall.

Themostnoteworthyoneisthefourthsubwayline.Thedeal

involvestheHongKongMTRCorp,BeijingInfrastructureInvestingCompany,

andBeijingCapitalGroup.

13

a

第26題：

Whatdoesthephrase"kickoff”meaninPara.1?

A.Open.

B.End.

C.Start.

D.Move.

參考答案：C

答案解析：

注釋：kickoff在足球比賽中是“開球”的意思，此處指“開始”（start）。注

意：open不能理解為漢語“開幕”的意思，在這里不是正確用法。

第27題：

What'sthebigtopicofthetwo-daypromotionconference?

A.Howtowingoldenmedalsasmanyaspossibleinthegame.

B.Howtogetinvestment.

C.Howtoinvestintheevent.

D.HowtomakethebestofthebusinesspotentialofBeijing'sOlympics

Games.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

注釋：見第四段中的Thebigtopicishowtomakethebestofthebusiness

potentialoftheBeijing，sOlympics.關(guān)鍵是要找到此依據(jù)句。

第28題:

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Therearenearly400projectsattheevent.

B.About134billionyuanisneededtobeinvested.

C.Theeventtookinterestfromalmost800delegatesofenterprises,

institutionsandacademies.

D.Theorganizersincludes16municipalgovernmentdepartments.

參考答案：C

答案解析：

注釋：第三段中Theorganizersincluded16municipalgovernmend

departments.Theeventattractedmorethan800delegatesofenterprises,

institutions,andacademies?指出morethan,為多余而非不足。

第29題:

14

Whatdoesthewritersayaboutthefourthsubwayline?

A.Fourfirmsareinvolvedinit.

B.Itisoneofthemostimportantprojects.

C.HongKongMTRCorpisn，tinvolvedinit.

D.BeijingcapitalGroupwantstogetinvolvedinit.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

注釋：見最后一段Themostnoteworthyoneisthefourthsubwayline.The

dealinvolvestheHongKongMTRCorp,BeijingInfrastructureInvesting

Company,andBeijingCapitalGroup.就可以確定答案。

第30題：

What/sthebesttitleforthisreport?

A.ThreeEffectsofOlympicGame

B.BusinessOpportunitiesBroughtaboutwithOlympicGames

C.FinancialSituationsinBeijing

D.BusinessPromotionConferenceinBeijing

參考答案：B

答案解析：

注釋：本文主要講述奧運(yùn)會(huì)給北京的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來的機(jī)遇，其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)比較片

面。

Birdssometimes