初中英語閱讀理解之主旨大意題

1、初中閱讀理解 主旨大意題解題技巧,授課老師：黃文婷,什么是主旨大意題？,01,主旨大意題的題型、標(biāo)志詞及設(shè)問形式,02,不同體裁（議論文，記敘文，說明文等）的主旨大意題解題技巧,03,CONTENTS,目 錄,01,PART ONE,什么是主旨大意題？,什么是主旨大意題？,主題、目的或標(biāo)題,段落或文章,02,PART TWO,主旨大意題的題型、標(biāo)志詞及設(shè)問形式,標(biāo)題類,主旨大意題的題型、標(biāo)志詞及設(shè)問形式：,大意類,目的類,Which of the following can be the best title for this passage? The best title / headlin

2、e for this passage might be_.,The passage is meant to . The purpose of this article is to ,The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? What is the passage mainly about? What is the topic of this passage?,0

3、3,PART THREE,（議論文、記敘文、說明文）主旨大意題解題技巧,如何解答主旨大意題？,2.通讀全文/段落，尋找主題句,4.排除干擾項,1.讀題文章/段落，目的類/大意類/標(biāo)題類,干擾項有什么特點？,1. 以偏概全,2. 斷章取義,4. 張冠李戴,3. 主題擴(kuò)大,5. 無中生有,排 除 法,根據(jù)標(biāo)題的特點（概括性、針對性、醒目性）排除干擾項,議論文的主旨大意題,1,什么是議論文？,提出見解，駁斥觀點,擺事實、講道理、辨是非,以理服人！,議論文的結(jié)構(gòu),1. “總論分論總論”式,總論=文章主旨大意 分論=段落主旨大意,2. “總論分論”式,3. “分論總論”式,議論文的主題句一般在哪里？,首

4、段或首句,Attention！,先提出別人的觀點，,（however，but）作者進(jìn)行駁斥，,再提出自己的觀點！,【2014】,The purpose of paragraph 3 is to _. A. show how animals can help with illnesses B. discuss the problems of keeping pets C. describe how to train animal helpers D. introduce some new medical research,Here is a case that shows the benefit

5、s of animals. John was a six-year-old mute. He had no physical problems. He just refused to talk. His older cousin, Ned, had a parrot called Sally, and John used to visit it. When he arrived, Ned used to say, “Hi, John!” We all know parrots copy what they hear. After a few visits, Sally began saying

6、 “Hi, John!” when John came into the room. Then, one day, John turned to the parrot and replied “Hi, Sally!” Staying with the parrot encouraged John to begin talking.,1. The first paragraph tells us that_. A. chocolate is healthier than vegetables B. the world could soon be without chocolate C. peop

7、le love vegetables more than chocolate D. its not necessary to eat so much chocolate,Most of us probably live without vegetables, but a world without chocolate? Now that would be hard! According to chocolate makers it could happen if we dont act soon.,What is the best title for Paragraph 2? A.The Ag

8、e and Size of Earth B.Our Galaxy: The Milky Way C.Why Intelligent Life Might Exist D.Earth: The Only Planet with Intelligent Life,Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. “This

9、is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life,” say Shostak and Barnett. The second reason is sizethe universe is huge. “Tools like the Hubble Telescope(哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡) have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies,” says Shostak. “And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion

10、 stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to Earth.”,This passage tells us mainly about _. A. the importance of guessing in learning a foreign language B. how to guess what one is going to talk about C. some examples of right guessing D. how important it is to guess all the time

11、,One of the things to be learnt in a foreign language is guessing all the time what kind of thing to come when listening to someone talking. People do this all the time in their own language, so it is necessary (必要的) to do this in a foreign language, too. Here are some examples. 1. Whats the matter？

12、 I went to a party last night, so I 2. I feel so tired these days. I think youd better 3.Of course, she never stops talking. She is one of the most You can see from the above three examples that the context (上下文) helps a lot in understanding what is being talked about. So guessing is very important

13、in understanding English, especially (尤其) spoken English.,In the world today, all of the people need recreation（消遣）. We can not work all the time if we are going to keep healthy and enjoy life. Everyone has his own way of relaxing. Perhaps the most popular form is to take part in sports. There are t

14、eam sports, such as basketball and football. There are also individual（個人的） sports, such as swimming and running. Skating and mountain climbing are the most popular recreation for people who like to be outdoor（室外的）. Not everyone who enjoys sports likes to take part in them. Many people like watching

15、 them on TV or listening to them on the radio. So many people like some forms of indoor recreation, such as watching TV, singing and dancing. It doesnt matter whether we like indoor recreation or take part in outdoor sports. It is important for everyone to relax from time to time, and enjoy some for

16、ms of recreation.,The passage tells us that . A. basketball is a kind of team sports B. everyone who enjoys sports should take part in them C. different people have different ways of relaxing D. indoor recreation is not as important as outdoor sports,Which of the following is the best title for the

17、passage? A. Bees Love Blue B. Bees Love Syrup C. Bees, Color and Syrup D. Can Bees See Color?,To find out whether bees（蜜蜂）can see colours, the following experiment is made. A round table is put in a garden, and on the table is a piece of blue cardboard（硬紙板）with a drop of syrup（糖漿）on it. After a shor

18、t time, bees come to the syrup. The bees then fly to their hive（蜂房）and give the syrup to other bees in the hive. Then they return to the feeding-place which they have found. After a while, the blue cardboard with the syrup on it is taken away. Instead of this card, a blue card is now put on the left

19、 side of the first feeding-place and a red card to its right. These new cards have no syrup on them. Very soon bees arrive again, and fly straight to the blue card. None go to the red card.,The topic of the passage is . A. How to draw a horse B. How to write a story C. How to make your own rules D.

20、Trust to your own powers,A friend of mine was fond of drawing horse. He drew the horses very well, but he always began the tail. Now it is the Western rule to begin at the head of the horse, that is why I was surprised. It struck me that it could not really make any difference whether the artist beg

21、ins at the head or the tail or the belly(肚子) or the foot of the horse, if he really knows his business. And most great artists who really know their business do not follow other peoples rule. They make their own rules. Every one of them does his work in a way peculiar(奇特的) to himself; and the peculi

22、arity means only that he finds it more easy to work in that way. Now the very same thing is true to literature(文學(xué)). And the question, How shall I begin? only means that you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail or somewhere else. That is, you are not yet experienced(有經(jīng)驗的) enough

23、 to trust to your own powers. When you become more experienced you will never ask the question, and I think that you will often begin at the tail -that is to say, you will write the end of the story before you have even thought of the beginning.,Want to stay away from colds? Put on a happy face. Com

24、pared to unhappy people, those who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds, according to a new study. Its possible that being happy helps the body fight illnesses, say the researchers from New York University. “It seems that positive feelings may reduce the danger of illness, s

25、aid the studys chief researcher Sheldon Cohen. In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were cheerful and lively caught coughs and colds less often. People who showed feelings were also less likely to tell their doctors that they felt ill. In this study, Cohen has interviewed 193 adults ever

26、y day for two weeks. During the interviews, the people told researchers about were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days. The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get ill. Buy for people who said they felt happy during the research period, the

27、ir illness are less serious and lasted for a shorter time. Cohen believes that when people experience positive feelings, their body may produce a chemical that helps fight illness and disease. So if you are worried abut your health, look on the bright side more often.,What is the best title for this

28、 passage? A.Smiles can fight colds B.Cause of colds found C.The danger of colds D.How people get sick,記敘文主旨大意題,2,什么是記敘文？,敘述人物的經(jīng)歷和事物發(fā)展變化,以事感人！,六要素：,人物、時間、地點、事件的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果,記敘文的結(jié)構(gòu),1. 分-總 2. 總-分 3. 總-分-總,一般情況下文尾找主題句 或者相關(guān)信息， 提煉標(biāo)題或歸納大意,What was the first newspaper story mainly(主要)about? A. Sick children in

29、Children s Hospital B. Doctors in Children s Hospital. C. Mrs. Weeks and her students. D. Toys made by the boys and girls.,Mrs. Weeks was reading a newspaper story to her class. The story said, Were you ever in a hospital when you were small? How did you feel? The doctors in Children s Hospital are

30、asking for money for children s toys. Some children in the hospital must stay in bed for many weeks. Toys are needed to keep these sick children happy and quiet. Money for them can be sent to the hospital.,The passage is mainly (主要地) about . A. students B. a basketball game C. rest time D. school ac

31、tivities,We have twenty minutes rest（休息） between classes. Look! Most of us are playing during the rest（課間） time. Some students are on the playground. They are having a basketball. Oh! A boy is running with the ball. And another is trying(盡力) to stop him. They look so cool. And there are some girls w

32、atching the game. Some students are in the classroom. They are talking. A few of them are reading and doing homework. Look! A girl is looking at the birds in a tree in front of the classroom. She must be thinking of something interesting because she is smiling(微笑). What are the teachers doing? Some

33、of them are working in the office. And some are talking with students. Everyone is doing his or her things. Busy but happy!,The main idea of the whole story is that _. A. Romans did not like to stay home B. people in old Rome talked a lot to each other. C. Latin changed as it moved from land to land

34、.,Long ago, people in Rome（羅馬） talked to one another in Latin（拉丁文）. Pupils in school learned to read and write in Latin. Books are in Latin. Some Romans（羅馬人） went to other parts of the world. They took their language with them. Soon Latin was used in many countries. It became a world language. Peopl

35、e in other countries did not talk in Latin the same way. In each land, they changed the language a little. As time went by, they made more changes. At last they did not talk in Latin any more. New languages had come from the old one. People do not talk to one another in Latin today. But they still u

36、se many Latin words. You do, too. Street, wall, city, and salt are some of the Latin words we use. You are a pupil in school. Pupil is a Latin word. It means “l(fā)ittle doll”.,說明文主旨大意題,3,什么是說明文？,介紹事物、解說事理,以知授人！,說明文的結(jié)構(gòu),1. 分-總 2. 總-分 3. 總-分-總,The best title (標(biāo)題) for this passage is _. A. Bad Seasons B. S

37、ummer or Winter C. The Weather in England D. Strange English People,In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience (經(jīng)歷) four seasons in one day. In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring. An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard. The weather ge

38、ts a little cold. In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day. In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they should take warm cl

39、othes. When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella (傘)or a raincoat with them in the sunny morning, but you should not laugh at them.If you dont take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret (后悔) later in the day.,1. 找高頻詞/中心詞/主題詞（名詞，動詞）,沒有主題句怎么辦？,3. 關(guān)注設(shè)問句

40、的回答,2. 在文章中間找for example，for instance，however，but，it is true that.but. 等詞，其前后很可能會給出主題,歸 納 總 結(jié),A man and his wife wanted to move to a new house. They looked for a long time and finally found an advertisement (廣告) for a nice one. They looked together and almost decided to buy it, but they wanted to know more about the neighborhood (街坊) first. Would the neighbors be nice or not? An old man was walking in front of the house, so they went to him to get some information. “Sir,” said the husband, “my wife and I are looking at this house. It looks nice and we may buy i