不定式的省略

1、,一. 動詞不定式的省略,動詞不定式的省略:在同一句或聯(lián)系緊密的對話里，常把不定式to后內(nèi)容相同的部分省略，只保留to。,1.省do留to. expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,hate prefer, refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面(賓語或賓補)。如: I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to. 在have to,need to,ought to,be going to,used to,be about to,be supposed to 等后面。 在某些形容詞pl

2、eased,glad,happy 等后面。 -Will you join the game?-Id be glad to. 否定形式的省略用not to。,I went there because my mother asked me to.,1. - You should have told her about it before you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing it,2. The boy wanted to

3、ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,3. - Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. _. A. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be happy to,B,A,D,1. -Are you a sailor? - No, but

4、I _ A. am not B. used to C. used to be D.used to being 2. -Why didnt you take part in my birthday party yesterday? -I_, but I had an unexpected guest. A. would like to B. would like to have C.should D.wouldnt like to,如果不定式中含有be, have, have been通常保留be,have和have been,C,B,-He hasnt finished yet. -Well,

5、he ought to have.,當want 和like用于從句中時，to也常省略。,Come when you want.,I have decided to do what I like.,More practice,Have you got the book? No, _, but I didnt get it. A. I tried B. I tried to C. I tried to get D. I tried it 答：B。to保留，其后的動詞省略。,Would you like to go with us? _, but Im busy now. A. Id love B.

6、 Id love to C. I love D. Id like 答：B。,- Arent you the manager? - No, and I_ A.dont want to B. dont want to be C. dont want be D. dont want,B,Are you a student? No, but I_. A. used to B. used C. used to be D. used to was 答：C。 used to 也是不定式省略的一種形式，如Do you often go there? No, but I used to.但動詞be一般不省。,T

7、he boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _ A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 答：A。to保留，to后的動詞省略。,2. 省to留do的用法。,I hope to finish my job and (to) go back home. 我希望做完事回家。 What we could do was (to) get away. （主語從句中含有do，那么作表語的動詞不定式往往省略to） There is nothing to

8、do but (to) obey the orders. 除了服從命令之外，我們別無他法。（介詞but前如有do，but后可省略to） To be or not to be, that is the question. 活著還是死亡，這就是問題所在。（莎士比亞） It was better to laugh than to cry. 笑比哭好。,(作表語時可省可不省),當兩個并列的不定式在意義上表示對比關(guān)系時，后面的不定式一般不省略to。,It was better to laugh than to cry. 笑比哭好。,What we can do now is (to) wait.,can

9、 not but, can not choose but, can not help but,+do sth.(to一定要省),不得不做,I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不欽佩他的勇敢。,prefer to do sth rather than would rather do than,+do sth.(to一定要省),1. Id rather _ there alone. A. to go B. going C. go D. went 答：C。 would rather后接省去to的不定式。 2. He would rather die than _

10、. A. giving in B. give in C. to give in D. gave in 答：B。 would rather.than.表示“寧愿而不”，后接省去to的不定式。,.介詞but, except(除了)前有do的形式時，后面的不定式要省略to。 All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等著瞧。 do nothing but have nothing to do but/except There is nothing to do but,+do sth. (一定要省),說明：but之前有實義動詞do的某個形

11、式do, does, did, done 時，不帶to, 否則要帶to。 （口訣：有do無to, 無do加to 或do but do）,We have nothing to do now but wait.我們現(xiàn)在除了等沒有別的事可做。 He has no choice but to accept the fact.除了接受這個事實他別無選擇。,二. 狀語從句的省略,連詞(as, as if, once+名詞) Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office. 連詞(though, whether, when)+形容詞

12、Work hard when (you are) young ,or youll regret. 連詞(when, while, though)+現(xiàn)在分詞 While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 連詞(when, if ,even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+過去分詞 連詞(as if, as though)+不定式 He opened his mouth as if (he were ) to speak.,(1)當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時,可以省略狀語從

13、句中的主語和系動詞be, 這時從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu):,He has made greater progress than (he did) before/ever. He came home earlier than (he was) expected. She works as hard as young people.,(2)當從句主語是 It,謂語動詞有含有系動詞be時,可以把 it系動詞be一起省略。此時構(gòu)成連詞（ if ， unless, when，whenever）+形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。,(3)在than或asas引導的從句中,常含有一些成分在上下文清楚的情況下被省略。,Unless（i

14、t is ）necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary.,:省略在as if引導的方式狀語從句中應(yīng)用的較多.,1. Tom raised his hand as if (he was going) to say something. 2. He acted as if (he was) a fool. 3. She left the room hurriedly as if( she was) angry. 4. He stared at the girl as if (he was) seeing her for the first t

15、ime. 5.The player stood still as if (he was ) turned to stone. 6. He opened the drawer as if (he was )in search of something important.,:as if用于省略句中,如果as if 引導的從句是“主語系動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，可省略主語和系動詞，這樣as if后就只剩下不定式、名詞、形容詞（短語）、介詞短語或分詞。,if類省略結(jié)構(gòu)小結(jié) if從句省略“主語+be” 若if從句的主語與主句主語一致，且if從句的主語后跟有動詞be，那么通?？梢允÷詉f從句的“主語+be”。 由if

16、等構(gòu)成的此類省略形式 if any 如果有的話 if ever 如果曾經(jīng)的話 if not如果沒有的話 if so 如果這樣的話 if possible 如果可能的話 if necessary 如果必要的話,1. if any 即使有（任何），如果有 Correct errors, if any (=if there are any errors). 如有錯誤就請訂正。 There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him. 當今記得他的人，如有的話，也不多了。,2. if ever （即使有也）極少，難得 He seldom if e

17、ver travels abroad. 他到國外旅行，即使有過，也是極少的。 He seldom, if ever, goes to the movies by himself. 他不會，即使有也很少，單獨去看電影的。,3. if not 假如不是這樣的話；不然的話；否則 I might see you tomorrow. If not, then itll be Saturday. 我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就在周六。 有時not還可修飾另一個詞語。如： This is one of the oldest buildings in town, if not the oldest. 這

18、是城里最古老的建筑之一，如果不是最古老的話。 His pronunciation, if not good, is at least tolerable. 他的發(fā)音如果說不算好，至少也還過得去。,1If so, what did you do to grow them? 如果這樣的話，你做了些什么來種植這些植物？ if so意為“如果是這樣的話”，是if引導的條件狀語從句的省略形式，表示肯定意義。如果表示否定意義，則用if not。 Will you be free this Sunday? If_so,_lets go camping.這個周日你有空嗎？如果有，我們?nèi)ヒ盃I吧。 Is anyb

19、ody feeling cold? If_not,_let us open the windows.有人感到冷嗎？如果沒有的話，我們把窗子打開。 歸納拓展,4.if so意為“如果是這樣的話”，,注意以下if so與if not連用的情形： Will you be staying another night? If so, we can give you a better room. If not, could you be out of your room by 12:00? 您要再住一晚嗎? 如果是這樣，我們可以給您提供條件更好一點的房間。如果不是，您能在12點前離開這房間嗎?,5.if

20、possible 如果可能的話 If possible, I wish to go there next summer. 如果可能，我希望明年夏天去 6. if necessary 如果有必要的話 I could come earlier, if necessary. 如果有必要我可以早點來。 If necessary, Jim might shorten it. 如果有必要，吉姆可以把它縮短。,三.用so或not代替上文內(nèi)容,Get up early tomorrow. If not( you dont get up early), you will miss the early bus.

21、He may not be at home then, if so (he is not at home), leave him a note.,-Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? I suppose not.,用于避免重復前面所說過的內(nèi)容，替代詞so/not替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句。可與believe，do,expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，Im afraid等連用 1.believe,think,expect，suppose 的否定前后都行。 I believe

22、not.=I dont believe so. 2. Im afraid, ,fear,guess, hope 的否定只能位于后面。 Im afraid not. I guess not. I hope not.,a.-Do you believe our team will win? - I guess so -I guess not . b.Do you think it will rain? I hope so . I hope not.,3.do,does, did 的替代前面的謂語動作。,-Shall I invite Ann to my birthday party tomorro

23、w evening? -Yes. Itll be fine if you_. A. are B. can C. invite D. do,D,1.()-Tom fell down from the ladder.I think his right leg is broken. -Oh,I_. A. hope not to B. hope not C. hope not so D. dont hope so 溫馨提示 hope、guess和be afraid肯定用so, 但是從句為否定時，只能用于 “主語+hope/be afraid/ guess+ not”結(jié)構(gòu).,B,-Would you l

24、ike to join us in the game? -_, for I have something important to attend to. (08福建) A. I will B. I d love to C. I wont D. I m afraid not,D,Do you think its going to rain over the weekend? _. A.I dont believe B.I dont believe it C.I believe not so D.I believe not,D,Do you think youll get a pay rise n

25、ext year? _. A. I hope so B. Im afraid so C. I believe not so D. Who says it 答：A。I hope so. 我希望如此。,Do you think its going to rain over the weekend? _. A. I dont believe B. I dont believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not 答：D。Do you think (believe, suppose, expect) .?等句式的肯定回答是 I think (believe,

26、 expect, suppose) so。其否定回答形式是 I think (believe, expect, suppose) not. 或 I dont (think, expect, suppose) so。,高考鏈接： 1. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004全國卷II) A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全國卷IV) A. questioning B. h