名詞性從句詳解ppt

1、Grammar,名詞性從句,Grammar,What kind of noun clauses they are?,1. What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.,主語從句,2. They are careful about what they eat and exercise regularly.,賓語從句,3. 6. The discussion topic for today is what school will be like in the future. 表語從句,4. We cannot be su

2、re whether our dreams will come true, but we can at least be hopeful that.,賓語從句,5. He told me the news, believe it or not, that he had earned $1000 in a single day.,同位語從句,種類,主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句 同位語從句,1.The photographs will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. h

3、ow does our village look like D. how our village looks like 2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news . A. how he was excited B. how was he excited C. how excited he was D. he was how excited,語序問題,3.He asked _ for a violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how

4、 much I paid 4. I couldnt understand _ with me. A. the matter was what B. what the matter was C. what was the matter D. that was the matter,結(jié)論：名詞性從句應選用陳述句語序。,關聯(lián)詞,名詞性從句的連接詞,一、主語從句（一般位于句首）,1.連詞 that (無詞義,不作成分,不能省略); whether(是否),不用if. That he will come and help us is certain. Whether we will succeed is

5、 still a question.,注意: 已確定的事由 that 引導; 沒決定的事由 whether 引導.,3.連接副詞when(ever), where(ever), why, how(ever), how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many / much 等.,When the test will be given is not yet decided. How much we can spend must be agreed on.,2. 連接代詞 what, whatever, who（m）, whoever, whose,

6、 which, whichever 等.,What was most important to her, she told me, was her family. Whose ticket this is has not been found out.,1._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind. 2._ the earth is round is known to us all. 歸納：,What,That,連詞_在從句中不作成分，不含有疑問意義，而_在從句中作成分，常含有疑問意義。,that,what,_ you dont li

7、ke him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A.What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 3. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What;what B. What ;that C. That;that D. That;what,1.主語從句通常被看作一個整體,主句的謂語動詞用 單數(shù)形式. That t

8、hey will come is certain.,2.由who, whoever引導的主語從句，主句謂語動詞的單復數(shù)要視從句中的單復數(shù)而定. Whoever say that are to be punished. Who he is doesnt concern me.,3.What 引導主語從句時,主句謂語動詞的單復數(shù)由表語的單復數(shù)決定. What he wants are these books. What he wants is some water.,主語從句的主謂一致,二. 賓語從句,注：多個并列的賓語從句，只有第一個賓從的 that可?。?有插入語時不能省略that.,He s

9、aid (that) he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one. We decided, in view of（考慮到） his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary (試用的) period.,當that 引導的從句作復合賓語的第一個 成分時，需用先行詞it 作形式賓語，把從句放到句末，that 不能省略。,We consider it possible that he is ill. I feel

10、 it a pity that she cant come. I heard it said that he had gone to Australia. He made it clear that he objected to the plan.,2. 由wh-疑問詞引導。,We fully understood what he meant. Go and ask why he was late yesterday. Please tell me which is mine. I asked how he was getting on. We will choose whoever is f

11、it. Whatever he does he does well. He asked me whether or not I was busy.,1. 介詞后的賓語從句. Everything depends on whether it is fine tomorrow. 2. whetheror not的賓語從句. I dont know whether or not shell like it. 3. 復合不定式只能用whether. Tell us whether to go or stay here. 但: 賓語從句否定時常用if引導. He asked if you would n

12、ot go and see him.,whether 與if 有時可以換用，但下列情況只能用whether.,另附：,1）、主語從句置于句首 Whether she likes the present is not clear to me. 2）、表語從句 My main problem right now is whether I should ask for an other loan（貸款）. 3）、同位語從句 Answer my question whether you are coming.,4.另附：(只用whether 不用if),1. I dont know _ Ill be

13、free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can do it matters little to us. 6.The manager asked me the question _ I would like to be his secretary. 7._ you are not free tomorrow

14、, Ill go without you.,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,用if 或whether 填空,whether,三. 表語從句,表語從句的引導詞與主語從句和賓語從句相同. （that引導無意義，不充當成分，不能省;wh-等連接副詞引導，根據(jù)句意判斷） 但:1. that引導表語從句時不能省. 2. if不能引導表語從句. 3. seem, appear后可接that引導的從句, 而 look則不可. 這三個詞后都可用as if / as though 引導從句. It seems / appears that he was

15、 late for the train yesterday. It seems / appears / looks as if we have to go home on foot.,The news that our team has won the match is true. His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.,四. 同位語從句 （ that引導，無意義，不充當成分；wh-等連接副詞引導 根據(jù)句意判斷。）,同位語從句一般跟在名詞fact,news, promise,truth,belief,thoug

16、ht,idea, answer,information,knowledge,doubthope,law,opinion,plan,suggestion后面, 用以說明或解釋前面的名詞.,注: 1. that 引導同位語從句與that 引導定語從句的區(qū)別: 引導同位語從句的that 無實際意義, 不作從句的任何成分, 而引導定語從句的that 是從句中的某個成分.,He told me the news that our team won the match. He told me the news that was very exciting.,2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-

17、引導同位語從句.,I have no idea where he has gone. I have no idea when he did it. I have no idea what he did.,wh-ever 與no matter wh- 引導 名詞性從句與讓步狀語從句 的比較 （Who/what 表具體的概念或表特指；而whoever與whatever表示的是籠統(tǒng)的概念或泛指）,拓展,1.Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A.anyone B. whomever C.whoever D.no matt

18、er who 2.These wild flowers are so special, I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 3. It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 4. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Any

19、one B. The person C. Whoever D. Who,另外，在名詞性從句的復習過程中，我們還須特別注意以下問題：,填空: The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied,reason 后面的表語從句通常用that引導, 不能用why 引導, 但reason后面的定語從句可以用why 或者that 引導。,虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運用 a.）在動詞insist，urge，order，command，request，require，demand，desire，suggest，advise，propose，recomme

20、nd等后面的賓語從句中。 b.)在名詞order，command，request，requirement，demand，desire，suggestion，advice，proposal，recommendation等后面的表語從句或同位語從句中。 這類名詞性從句中的謂語動詞都用(should)+do,eg: I suggest that we (should) go shopping. My suggestion is that we (should) go shopping. I put forward suggestion that we (should) go shopping.,鞏固

21、練習,1.The question is _ the film is worth seeing Aif Bwhat Cwhether Dhow 2.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right Athat what Bwhat that Cthat Dwhether,3.Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I cant remember_. Awhere Bthere Cwhich Dthat 4.Energy is _ makes things work Awhat Beverything Csomething Danything,5.The reason _ I have to go is_ my mother is ill in bed A. why ; why B. why ; because C. why ; that D. that ; because 6.He doe