不定式1-Grammar.ppt

1、Infinitives（1）,verb,to,Its not an easy job to be a teacher. Some of the kids wanted to talk with you.,Its not an easy job to be a teacher. They wanted you to answer every question they asked.,What are infinitives ? Tick and fill in the blanks to find out about the features of infinitives.,Some kids

2、pretended to be sleeping in class. I am happy to have been staying with my workmates and kids!,I was asked to remember all the 60 students names.,不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時(shí)用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成。,總結(jié)：,動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài),1. I opened the door to ent

3、er the room.,2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.,. 一般式 (to do),不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。,.進(jìn)行式( to be doing),1. I am very glad to be working with you.,2. He is said to be coming.,如果謂語表示的動(dòng)作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。,.完成式（to have done),1. I am sorry to have kept you w

4、aiting so long.,2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.,如果謂語表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不定式之前。,(1).They pretended not to see us.,(2). He pretended to be sleeping.,(3).She pretended to have known it before.,(一般式表示與謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)/幾乎/發(fā)生在它之后.),(在謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)行),(完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前),(4).Were happy to have b

5、een working with you.,(完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前,不定式的動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)),分析：,動(dòng)詞不定式的語態(tài),.主動(dòng)式( to do / to be doing /to have done),1. We want to learn English well.,2.I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. (2005 天津) A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded

6、,當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí).,A,. 被動(dòng)式( to be done / to have been done),1. He didnt like to be laughed at.,2. The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (2004 上海) A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused,當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)

7、作的承受者時(shí).,C,總結(jié)：,不定式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,to have been doing,-,-,1). There were many talented actors out there just waiting _. （2010江西） A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D. being discovered 答案：B 解析：演員等待被發(fā)現(xiàn), 用被動(dòng), “發(fā)現(xiàn)”發(fā)生在“等待”之后, 所以用不定式。,2). The lawyer

8、 listened with full attention， _ to miss any point. （2010四川） A. not trying B. trying not C. to try not D. not to try 答案：B 解析：句中l(wèi)isten和try not to miss為同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式做伴隨狀語。又動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式要在其前加not，故選B。,3). His first book _ next month is based on a true story. （2010 陜西） A. published B. to be published C.

9、 to publish D. being published 答案：B 【解析】由時(shí)間狀語next month可知所填非謂語動(dòng)詞表示將來的動(dòng)作，用動(dòng)詞不定式，其邏輯主語是所修飾的名詞book,不定式與邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動(dòng)式，選B。,4). Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ first is the library. （2010重慶） A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired 答案：D 解析：the one指代前面提到的b

10、uildings與repair是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，由前半句房屋需要修繕可知修繕這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在need之后，所以用to be repaired。,不定式的否定式,不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加否定詞 not。 Tell him not to shut the window. She pretended not to see me when I passed by.,1). Mr. Black asked the man _ the queue. A. not to jump B. to not jump C. didnt jump D. not jump 2). The old man told the

11、 child _ noisy. A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not 3). There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late. A. have, not to be B. have, not be C. be, not to be D. be, not be,A,B,C,省to 的動(dòng)詞不定式,1) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后( 除ought 外); 2) 使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make后; 3) 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notic

12、e, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后 作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。 注意：在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。,4) Why / why not后； help可帶to也可不帶to, 即help sb. (to) do sth； but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。 He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.,1) - I usually go there by train. - Why not

13、 _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 答案：D。 why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D。 2) Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning 答案：B。 make后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to 不可省略。,Find the difference between the blue and t

14、he purple parts in the conversation of Studying the rule.,BARE INFINITIVE: When verbs like _, _, _,and _ are followed by an infinitive, we dont have to preceding them. Other verbs followed by bare infinitive are: _.,help,make,have,let,see, watch, notice, observe, hear, smell, feel, find,I saw him da

15、nce. =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night.,注意：,Rewrite the following sentences after theexample.,Example: They are happy if they help you. They are happy to help you. l) He did not expect that he would find a job so soon. _ 2) The la

16、st person that arrived was our monitor. _ 3) He hopes that he will not fail the exam again. _,He did not expect to find a job so soon.,The last person to arrive was our monitor.,He hopes not to fail the exam again.,4) I was sorry that I heard your father was dead. _ 5) Dont forget you have promised

17、that you will come back soon. _ 6) It is not an easy thing if we want to master a foreign language. _ _ .,I was sorry to hear your father was dead.,Dont forget you have promised to come back soon.,It is not an easy thing for us to master a foreign language.,7) I made a plan that I would pay a visit

18、to China one day. _ 8) Its helpful if the students repeat the sentences out loud. _ 9) The boss made the workers work long hours every day. (passive voice) _ 10) We saw the thief enter the room. (passive voice) _,I made a plan to pay a visit to China one day.,Its helpful for the students to repeat t

19、he sentences out loud.,The workers were made to work long hours every day.,The thief was seen to enter the room.,Complete the story with the proper forms of the verbs.,A lovely girl named Dorothy and her dog Otto _ when a strong wind blew their house to a place far away from home. Dorothy met a kind witch here and told her that she wanted _ back home. The kind witch asked her _ the Wizard of Oz in the castle, who had the magic power _ Dorothy back.,were playing,to go,to send,to visit,visit play hel