專四語法重點題詳解.ppt

1、專四語法重點題,than,連詞 than 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句，有時省去部分謂語，保留了主語和助動詞，此時助動詞可以移到主語前。如： John drives much more carefully than does his father. (=than his father drives) 連詞 than 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句，常省去主語，保留謂語部分，這種結(jié)構(gòu)多見于正式文體中。如： Dont eat more than is good for you.,倍數(shù)的表達(dá),倍數(shù)+形容詞（或副詞）的比較級+than 倍數(shù)+as+形容詞或副詞（或 many / much） +as 倍數(shù)+the size（le

2、ngth，height）of 倍數(shù)+more+名詞（可數(shù)，不可數(shù)）+than 倍數(shù)+as many（或much）+名詞 +as,as,as much as “達(dá)到與一樣的程度” not so much as “與其說不如說” such as to “到如此程度以致” no / not any more than “兩者一樣都不” no / not any less than “兩者一樣都”,A is to B what C is to D,Water is to fish what air is to man.,重要短語,no more than = only “僅” not more tha

3、n = at most “至多” no / not any more than = neither .nor .兩者一樣都不，和一樣不 not more than = less than “不如” no less than = as much / many as “多達(dá)” not less than = at least “至少” no / not any less than = as as “兩者一樣都”，“與一樣” not less than = more than “比更”,合成不定代詞的習(xí)慣用語,something of 若干、多少、有些 anything but 并不，根本不 not

4、hing but 只不過，只有 something like 有點像 or something 類似 Mr. Smith is an engineer or something. She is nothing but a dancer. He was anything but pleased when he heard this.,no one VS. none,no one只能指人，none可用于指人或物。 no onenobody，語氣比none強(qiáng)，后面不接of構(gòu)成的短語；none通常與of連用作主語 no one作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；none后接不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；后

5、接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)均可。 No one was in the classroom. None of the money on the desk is mine. None of us speaks / speak Japanese.,講解,用于簡短回答時，none用來回答how many或how much問句；no one或nobody用來回答who問句；而nothing則用來回答what問句； How many fish did you catch? None. How much water is there in the bottle? None. Who will go

6、to the party? No one. / Nobody. Whats in your hand? Nothing.,one, the one, that,that 只能代替事物，不能代替人；one 既可代替人也可代替事物。 one代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞表示不確指；that, the one 代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞，指代談話雙方都知道的事物，即“特指”。 that 不能有前置修飾語，但須有后置修飾語；one一般可有前置修飾語，也可有后置修飾語。,講解,one, the one 都只能指代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞則用ones, the ones；that既可指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可指代不可

7、數(shù)名詞。 that代替前面提到的事物，必須是這一名詞在第二次出現(xiàn)時有后置修飾語；如果前面提到的是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則用those來代替。,例句,Im looking for a house. Id really like one with a garden. (指代不確定的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞) The sweater he wears today is different from that / the one he wore yesterday. (當(dāng)指代的是談話雙方都確知的事物，而且該名詞是有后置修飾語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，that = the one) Marys handwriting is far b

8、etter than that of Peter. (指代不可數(shù)名詞) The bikes they made this year are better than those / the ones they made last year. (當(dāng)指代的是談話雙方都確知的事物，而且該名詞是有后置修飾語的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，those = the ones),more than, other than, rather than,They enrolled more than 500 new students. I cant do other than obey. This is rather for f

9、ather to decide than for you. Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.,more than常用在數(shù)詞前，表示“超過”、“多”,other than “除之外”,rather than連接兩個平行結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“是而不是”、“與其寧愿”,定冠詞（the）的用法,Man is the only animal that can talk. She is the prettier of the two. They are paid by the month. He grabb

10、ed me by the arm and pulled me onto the bus. The rich are not always happier than the poor. The beautiful lives forever.,Why “the”?,the + 最高級/序數(shù)詞/only/same + 名詞 the + 比較級 + of the two by the + 計量單位 （“按；以計”） the + 身體部位 （表示身體某部位接受外來的動作） the + 形容詞 = 復(fù)數(shù)普通名詞 / 抽象名詞,表示“排除”的介詞,besides = in addition to exce

11、pt = but = other than except for 表示不同項目類別的對比和限制 You composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. The movie was good except for the ending.,表示“排除”的介詞,except that 后接從句，“除之外” I know nothing about his career except that he is a graduate of this school. apart from = aside from (AmE) 有時=besides

12、，有時=except (for) 另外，but for “若不是，要不是”，一般使用虛擬語氣，與“排除”無關(guān),重點搭配,to sbs advantage 對某人有利 find fault with sb. 挑某人的刺，找某人的碴兒 put emphasis on 把重點放在 compensation for 對于的補(bǔ)償,be particular about 對挑剔，過分講究 be popular with 受歡迎 in the light of根據(jù)、按照 with the exception of除以外 by virtue of由于、依靠 regardless of不管、不顧,在漢語中可數(shù)，但在英語中為不可數(shù)名詞的某些詞,advice, baggage (luggage), damage, equipment, furniture, homework, information, news .,不可數(shù)名詞的量化表示,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù): ma