13.不定式-中考英語專題復習.ppt

1、動詞不定式,The Infinitive,動詞不定式,動詞不定式在句子中用法靈活，作用很大，是中考中重要的考查項目之一，大家一定要學好吆！,肯定式：to + 動詞原形 否定式：not to + 動詞原形 (to是不定式符號，無意義，有時可以不帶),(一) 動詞不定式的基本形式,詞不定動式是一種非謂語動詞形式，它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語，但可以作除謂語之外的其它任何句子成分（主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語）；動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，同時還保持動詞的某些特點，既可以有自己的賓語和狀語，動詞不定式和它的賓語和狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語。,（二）動詞不定式的特征,On

2、the way to school on the way to see a film I want to borrow a dictionary. Turn to Page32. Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please? They began to read and write. He is used to getting up early. Help yourself to some fish . She asked me to speak a little louder. She found him to be a very good pupil. If ev

3、eryone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, ,你知道 是不定式還是介詞?,to,不定式之前的to與介詞to不同。介詞to之后要跟名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的短語作賓語；而不定式to之后必須跟動詞原形。,介 詞to: to+名詞/代詞/動名詞 不定式to: to+動詞原形,作主語,to do 作主語，常放句尾， 用it作形式主語,1. It be adj. n. to do sth. Its good to see you.,To see is to believe.,2. It takes sb. some time to

4、do sth.,Its difficult to learn maths well.,Exercise,跳舞非常有趣。 種些植物是非常有必要的。 說英語對我來說并不容易。 聽到你的聲音真高興。,To dance is a lot of fun.,It is a lot of fun to dance.,To grow plants is very necessary.,To hear your voice is so nice.,To speak English is not easy for me.,It is so nice to hear your voice.,1、It is nece

5、ssary _us to learn to wait. (of/for) 2、It was careless _me to break the cup . （of/for) 3、It took them 1,000 yuan _this table.(buy) 4、Where _the corner is a difficult problem.(turn),to buy,for,of,to turn,5、Whether _there hasnt been decided . (go) 6、輪到我們打掃教室了。 7、To save time is to lengthen life. （翻譯成中

6、文）,to go,Its our turn to clean the classroom.,節(jié)省時間就是延長生命。,作表語,To see is to believe.,他的愿望是成為一名醫(yī)生。,His wish is to be a doctor.,Exercise,我的工作是每天打掃這間屋子。 最上策的計劃就是馬上離開這兒。 3 我的夢想就是成為一名科學家。,My work is to clean the room every day.,The best plan is to leave at once.,My dream is to be a scientist.,作賓語 (v. + to

7、 do ) I want to buy a computer. She hopes to find a better job. I wish to go with you. need to do learn to do agree to do plan to do decide to do refuse to do begin to do start to do try to do forget to do remember to do like to do stop to dogo on to do,Oh,記住了嗎? 我跳的腳都酸了!,Exercise,他想借用我的錄音機。 他們開始讀和寫。

8、 李琳喜歡玩什么？她喜歡踢足球。 你長大了想做什么？,He wants to borrow my radio.,They began to read and write.,What sports does Li Lin like to play? She likes to play soccer.,What do you want to be when you grow up?,作賓語補足語：(v. + sb. + to do ),She asked me to help her. The teacher told him to come on time. Edisons mother tau

9、ght him to read and write. want sb to dowish sb to do get sb to doorder sb to do find sb to be like sb to do would like sb to dohelp sb to do,、他要求我再大聲點兒。 、Lucy告訴他不要哭。 3、吉姆告訴李明由衷地祝福每個人。 、他讓我再做一次。,She asked me to speak louder.,Lucy told him not to cry.,Jim told Li Ming to give his best wishes to every

10、body.,He let me do it again.,作賓語補足語不帶to 的情況：,Let me do it. I saw him cross the street. 常見動詞有： 使役動詞: let, make, have 感官動詞: see, watch, hear, feel, listen to 比較： I heard her singing in the next room. I heard her sing in the next room.,常用省去to的動詞不定式作補足語的動詞有：“一感（feel）、二聽（hear, listen to）、三讓（make, let, ha

11、ve）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）”,Please listen to me sing this song again. I felt someone open my door. The boss made the girl work ten hour a day. You must watch me carefully do everything.,1、We feel the train _.(move/to move) 2、Do you like listening to other people_? (talk / talking/to talk )

12、3、Jim was seen _the room. (enter /to enter ) 4、Please tell her _at once . (go /not to go),move,talk,to enter,not to go,5、Ill help you _this problem. (to solve /solve ) 6、 I wish you to stay with us.(改成復合句） 7、Her story made us laugh. (改成被動句）,(to ) solve,I wish you will stay with us.,We were made to l

13、augh by her story.,作狀語 (adverbial)：,He came to show me his new CD player. I went there to see my teacher. She came back to get her English book. The boy was too frightened to move.,(目的),(目的),(目的),(結(jié)果),I am glad to see you.,（原因）,Im sorry to trouble you.,（原因）,作定語,Have you get anything to say?,Hes look

14、ing for a room to live in?,She has no clothes to wear?,用作定語,Give me something to drink.,I have two books to read.,They have much food to eat.,（這時不定式與被修飾詞有動賓關(guān)系。 若是不及物動詞，介詞不能省略）,He asked for a room to live in.,I dont have a pen to write with.,The ice is hard to skate on.,He bought a toy to play with.,

15、1 我有許多書要看。 2 她有幾個問題要問。 . 我沒什么可擔心的。,I have many books to read.,She has a few questions to ask.,I have nothing to worry about.,、他是一個值得信賴的人。 、 愛迪生是第一個發(fā)明電燈的人。 、 他那生病母親最多可活三個月。,He is a man to believe in.,Edison was the first man to invent the lights.,His sick mother has three months to live at most.,不定式與

16、疑問詞連用,常用動詞有: ask know learn teach tell understand等。,疑問詞who, what, which, where, when, how 加to do可構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可用作主語、 賓語、賓語補足語、表語等。,When to start has not been decided.,I dont know what to do.,He can tell you where to get the book.,The question is who(m) to ask.,something + to do,She has nothing to say.

17、,I want something to eat.,Would you like something to drink?,Is there anything to eat?,something + adj. + to do,Give something hot to drink.,I need something nice to wear to the party next month.,Do you have anything cold to drink?,我太累了，難于入睡。,小男孩嚇得一步也動不了。,The boy was too frightened to move.,I was to

18、o tired to sleep.,too + adj. / adv + to do, 太(以致) 不能(做),too for sb / sth to do ,這箱子太沉了,他抬不起來.,The box is too heavy for him to lift.,The box is so heavy that he cant lift it.,黎明太激動了，一句話也說不出來。,Li Ming was too excited to say a word.,Li Ming was so excited that he couldnt say a word.,adj. + enough to do

19、 sth. 十分（足夠）,他很富有，可以買輛小汽車。,He is rich enough to buy a car.,He is so rich that he can buy a car.,adv + enough to do ,她跑得夠快了，完全可以第一個到達。,She runs fast enough to get there first.,She runs so fast that she can get there first.,stop to do stop doing 停下來去做某事 停止做某事go on to do go on doing 繼續(xù)做另一件事 繼續(xù)做原來在做的事re

20、member to do remember doing 記住要做某事 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事forget to do forget doing 忘記要做某事 忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事,1、我記得以前見過你。,I remember seeing you.,Remember to turn off the light when you leave.,2、離開時請記得關(guān)燈。,動詞不定式的注意點： 1begin/ start/ hate/ like/love/ plan/ prefer，etc. Vt.+to do sth.和 Vt.+doing 意義相似 2但forget / remember / go on /

21、 stop / try ,etc Vt.+to do sth.和 Vt.+doing 意義不相同,動詞不定式的注意點： 3. 介詞 to 與不定式 to 的區(qū)別 be used to習慣于 thanks to 由于,多虧 prefer to 比較 make a contribution to 為 作貢獻 write to 寫信給 according to 根據(jù) Look forward to 期待，盼望,Exercises,!,Mother asked me _at home .(stay) 2,Lets _a rest.( have) 3,I saw him_a book. (drop) 4

22、,He found it very difficult _to sleep. (get ) 5,She went to the USA_English. (learn) 6,I have much homework _.(do) 7,I am sorry _you. (trouble) 8,He spent 2 hours _his bike. (mend) 9,Mother taught me _and _.(read, write) 10,she is old enough _to school. (go) 11,He will tell me before he _ .(leave),你

23、學會了嗎?,to stay,have,drop,to get,to learn,to do,to trouble,mending,to read,write,to go,leaves,1,Is he sure _here on time tomorrow? A. being B. come C. to come D. coming 2,I will try _the pen _quickly. A. to use, writing B. to use, to write C,to use, write 3,It was the first newspaper _on train. A. to

24、sell B. selling C. sold 4,There are 20 more trees _. A. plant B. are planted C. to be planted 5,I dont know _. A, what to do it B, how to do C, how to surf 6,Jim asked me _to China. A, where to go B, what to bring C, when to bring,C,B,C,C,C,B,單項選擇,Tell him _ the window.,A. shut B. not to shut,C. to

25、not shut D. not shut,B,I dont know _ next.,A. what to do B. to do what,C. which to do D. how to do,A,It is very important _ us _ it. A. to, to remember B. for, to remember C. for, remembering D. to, remembering,B,It took us more than two hours _ the dinner. A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. b

26、e prepared,C,We felt the earth _. A. move B. moving C. to move D. be moved,A,There is going to _ an im-portant meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late. A. have / not to be B. have / not be C. be / not to be D. be / not be,C,Lucy, could you please help me _ the map on the blackboard? A. put into B. put u

27、p C. put out D. put on,B,At last, he decided _ his mother to the hospital. A. take B. took C. to take D. taking,C,The news made us _ sad. A. feeling B. to feel C. feel D. felt,C,Its time for Meimei and _ to work. A. me to go B. I to go C. me going D. I going,A,Would you like _ for me? A. to make a k

28、ite B. make a kite C. making a kite,A,My mother always tells me _ there. A. not go B. not to go C. go D. dont go,B,Mother is ill. Wed better _ her to the hospital. A. to take B. taking C. take D. takes,C,Its very nice _ you to say so. A. for B. of C. to D. in,B,Is there _ in todays newspaper? A. any

29、thing important B. something important C. nothing important,A,What about _ fishing to-morrow? A. to go B. go C. going D. went,C,Only one can have an apple, _ you _ Mary. A. both, and B. not, but C. neither, nor D. either, or,D,The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Wuhan. A. these B. this C. that D. those,C,Would you get some chalk for me? _. A. Yes, please B. Why not C. Wi