Unit 1 Grammar and usage 倒裝學(xué)案-高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）選修第一冊

1、O1U1 Grammar: Inversion（倒裝）i局部倒裝一、以so開頭的句子的兩種倒裝1.以so開頭，表示“另一個人的情況同樣如此”，使用倒裝，結(jié)構(gòu)為“So +助動詞 (be/do/have/will)/情態(tài)動詞+主語”；否認用neither或nor開頭，表示“另一個人的情況同 樣不是如此，結(jié)構(gòu)為Neither/Nor+助動詞(be/do/have/will)/情態(tài)動詞+主語”。例如：(1)一My brother works hard at school.一So does Tom.我的哥哥在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)很勤奮。一一湯姆也是這樣。(2)一He cant do it.一Nor can I; n

2、or can you; nor can anybody.他做不到。一一我也做不到；你也做不到；任何人都做不到。【注意】當前一句話中所描述的情況是兩種或兩種以上，這時要表示另一個人的情況也同 樣如此，要使用以下固定結(jié)構(gòu)：so it is with或It is the same with。例如：(1)Tom is from America and he can speak two languages. So it is with Jack.湯姆來自美國，并且他會說兩門語言。一一杰克也是如此。(2)I don*t like English but I like Chinese very much.S

3、o it is with me.我不喜歡英語，但是我非常喜歡中文。一一我也是這樣。【即時鞏固】(1)Its burning hot today, isnt it? Yes.was it yesterday.【注意】以so開頭不使用倒裝的情況：so用在句首表示對他人所說的話表示贊同，解釋為“就是那樣，確實如此”的含義，這時 S。引起的句子不需要使用倒裝。例如：一David has made great progress recently.一So he has, and so have you.大衛(wèi)最近進步很大。一一他確實進步很大，你也進步很大。(此句前半句未使用倒裝，表示贊同前者的話：David

4、確實取得了很大的進步。后半句使用倒 裝，表示另一人的情況也同樣如此：你也一樣取得了巨大的進步。)【即時鞏固】(2)一Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.一So(she), and so did I.(3)一Father, you promised! Well, so(I). But it was you who didn*t keep your word first.(4)一I reminded you not to forget the appointment. So(you).(5)一Well, I do think the rabbit is

5、 a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast.So(it).2.在so+adj./adv.that這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，so + adj./adv.位于句首引起局部倒裝。例如：(l)The workmen finished their work so quickly that they were given a bonus.f So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.工人完成他們的工作如此之快，他們得到了獎金。(2)The mark was

6、 so small that I could hardly see it.f So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.這個記號太小了，我?guī)缀蹩床灰姟?3)1 felt it so difficult to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.f So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to lea

7、rn English well.我覺得住在一個講英語的國家很難，所以我決心學(xué)好英語?！炯磿r鞏固】(6)So little they agree with each other that the neighboring countries could not settletheir difference.二、only位于句首修飾狀語引起局部倒裝only位于句首時修飾狀語(從句)引起局部倒裝。only所修飾局部如果是個狀語從句，那么 該狀語從句中不需要倒裝，倒裝局部應(yīng)該是主句。另外，如果only位于句首修飾的不是狀 語，那么無須使用倒裝。例如：(l)Only then did I realize

8、that 1 was wrong.只有到了那個時候我才意識到我錯了。(2)Only in this way can you make progress in your English.只有以這樣的方式你才能在英語方面取得進步。(3)Only when thn war was over in 1945 was he able to get a college education.只有當戰(zhàn)爭蘇1945洋結(jié)黃的時焉，而才金接受大學(xué)教育o(4)Only Mary knows the fact.只有瑪麗知道這個事實。(only修飾主語，無須倒裝)【即時鞏固】(7)Only when you can fi

9、nd peace in your heart you keep good relationships withothers.三、否認詞或半否認詞位于句首引起局部倒裝.這一類位于句首引起局部倒裝的否認詞或帶有否認意義的詞主要有：not, never, seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, in no case, at no time, in no way, by no means, under no circumstances, on no condition 等等。例如：(l)Seldom has she met him recently.最近她很

10、少遇見他。(2)In no case will I give up.我絕不放棄。(3)Never before have I seen such a good film.以前我從來沒有看過這么好看的電影。(4)Not a single song did she sing at yesterdays party.在昨天的聚會上她一首歌都沒唱。(5)Little did we know that this region was so rich in natural resources.我們幾乎不知道這個地方有如此豐富的自然資源。(6)At no time will China be the fir

11、st to use nuclear weapons.任何時候中國都絕不會是首先使用核武器的。.注意以下兩個貌似否認詞的短語位于句首時的情況：in no time表示“立即，馬上”，位于句首時不需要使用倒裝。(2)no wonder表示“難怪，是It is no wonder that這一結(jié)構(gòu)的縮寫。no wonder位于句 首也不需要倒裝。例如：No wonder Jack knew everything about it.難怪杰克知道關(guān)于這件事情的一切。.注意在 not until(直到 時候才)；not only.but also.(不但 而且 );hardly (scarcely). .

12、when( 就 );no sooner.than.( 就 )等結(jié)構(gòu)位于句首時要使用 局部倒裝。倒裝的具體用法分別如下：(l)Not until he returned home did he find he had had his money stolen.直到他到家他才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的錢包被偷了。(2)Not only did Lincoln set the slaves free, he also reunited the nation.林肯不僅釋放了奴隸還統(tǒng)一了全國。(3)Hardly had he arrived in Shanghai when his friends started to

13、 show him round the city.他一到上海他的朋友就開始領(lǐng)著他繞這個城市轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)。(4)No sooner had he gone to bed than he felt asleep.他一上床就睡著了。【即時鞏固】(8)Not until I began to work I realize how much time I had wasted.(9)一Did Linda see the traffic accident?No, no sooner(she go) than it happened.(10)Not only they bring snacks and drinks

14、, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.四、在省略if的虛擬語氣中使用倒裝的情況在if引導(dǎo)的非真實條件狀語從句中使用虛擬5當if從句中含有were, had, should時，可 以將這些詞提前到句首同時省去if。例如：（1）Were there no air on earth, there would be no living things.如果地球上沒有空氣，地球上就沒有生物。Had you come earlier, you would have met hi

15、m.如果你早點來的話，你就遇到他了。O）Should they forget to bring a compass with them, they would get lost in the woods.萬一他們忘記了隨身帶指南針，他們會在樹林里迷路的。【即時鞏固】（1 l）The sleeping baby would be scared（there should be）a sudden loud noise.五、as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的形式倒裝as可以用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然、盡管，含義與although/though等同。 但as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，從句中要使用倒裝，而though引

16、導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句可倒裝，也可不 倒裝。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句主要需要注意如下幾種情況：.形容詞+as/though+主+謂（通常為連系動詞）Young as he is, he has already known a lot.盡管他很年輕，他已經(jīng)懂得很多了。_（形容詞提前到句首倒裝）.副詞+as/though +主 + 謂Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John.雖然我已去過很多地方，但是我從來沒有見過和約翰一樣有才能的人。（副詞提前到句首倒裝）.動詞原形+ as/though+主+謂（通常為

17、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞）Try as he would, he might fail again.盡管他還會嘗試，但是他可能會再次失敗。（情態(tài)動詞后面的動詞原形提前到句首倒裝）.名詞（無冠詞）+ as/though +主十謂（通常為be動詞）Child as he is, he has to make a living by himself.盡管他還是個孩子，他不得不靠自己謀生。（名詞提到句首倒裝，但名詞前不能加冠詞）【即時鞏固】（12）Next door to ours （live） a black couple，who seem to have settled in this community

18、 for quite a long time.（13）Not until recently they encourage the development of tourist - related activities in the rural areas.完全倒裝一、表語提前引起完全倒裝表語置于句首時，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語+連系動詞+主語”：.形容詞+連系動詞+主語Present at the meeting were Professor Smith, Professor Wang and many other guests.出席會議的是斯密斯教授、王教授和很多其他客人。.過去分詞+連系動詞+主語

19、Gone are the days when we were taken good care of in that far- away village.我們在偏遠的鄉(xiāng)村被照顧得很好的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。.介詞短語+ be+主語Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers and candles.在這些東西里有圣誕樹、鮮花和蠟燭。二、地點狀語提前引起完全倒裝當句首狀語為表示地點的介詞（詞組）時，常常引起全部倒裝。(l)On the wall hang two large portraits.兩幅大的肖像畫掛在墻上。(2)South of the ci

20、ty lies a steel factory.一個鋼鐵廠位于城市以南。(3)In front of the house parks a new car.一輛新車停在房子前面。【即時鞏固】(14)Just in front of our house(stand) a tall tree with a history of 1 ，000 years.(15)In the dark forest(lie) many lakes, some large enough to hold several English towns.(16)On top of the books(be) the photo

21、 album youre looking for.三、以here, there, in, out, away, up, down, over等方向性副詞位于句首引起完全倒裝，表 示強調(diào)(l)Here comes the bus.汽車來了。(2)The door opened and in came Mr. Smith.門開了，斯密斯先生走了進來。(3)Out rushed the children.孩子們沖了 出來。【注意】在以上副詞提前引起的完全倒裝中，當主語是人稱代詞時不需要使用倒裝。例如：(l)Out he rushed.他沖了 出來。(2)Here he comes.他來了。四、The

22、re be句型及其變體在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，there為引導(dǎo)詞,be動詞之后為句子的主語，用完全倒裝，be應(yīng)與主 語保持一致。除了 be以外，能與there連用的動詞有seem, exist, happen, appear等，即：There stand/lie/live/seem/exist/remain 等。例如：(l)There lives an old farmer in that house.那個房子里住著一個年邁的農(nóng)民。(2)Once there lied a king who was cruel to his people.從前有一位對人民很殘暴的國王。當堂達標跟蹤演練At t

23、he top of the hill(lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.Although Ed been told many times about the local peoples unfriendliness, at no time (I treat) with rudeness.When John looks up, here(come) the teacher with a look in her eyes that says what he did has been discovered

24、.Out(rush) a woman with a baby in her arms after a big bang from the kitchen.Content he was with the salary offered by the foreign bank, he preferred thechances he could have at the state- owned company.Hardly(she go) out when a student came to visit her.Not until he went through real hardship he re

25、alize the love we have for ourfamilies is important.No sooner he come home he was asked to attend the meeting.Not until a baby kangaroo is four months old it begin to live outside its motherspouch(育兒袋).Only when we saw the photos about the celebration of Christmas in Yangzhou Daily we know how splen

26、did it was.So curious she feel that the cat opened the bag only to bring about her deathand a series of disasters.一Its nice.before have I had such a special drink!一Pm glad you like it.Such an inspiring speech he make at the graduation ceremony that every one ofus was deeply moved and strongly encouraged.Only when they put their heads together they make such a brilliant plan and complete the task ahead of schedu