2022年人教版英語八年級下冊知識點總結_第1頁
2022年人教版英語八年級下冊知識點總結_第2頁
2022年人教版英語八年級下冊知識點總結_第3頁
2022年人教版英語八年級下冊知識點總結_第4頁
2022年人教版英語八年級下冊知識點總結_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩9頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費閱讀

下載本文檔

版權說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權,請進行舉報或認領

文檔簡介

1、八年級英語下冊語法知識復習should 情態(tài)動詞,應該,應當,用于詢問,提出建議,或表達職責和義務。如:What should I do? You should have a talk with your parents.could 也可以提出建議,比較委婉。如: You could write him a letter.could還用于禮貌地請求,如:Could you please clean your room? 否定句式:Could you please not do sth?其他常用情態(tài)動詞:must必須,have to必須,不得不,may可能,可以,can能,會,可能,可以need

2、需要。 情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形作謂語。非謂語動詞形式(一)動詞不定式結構:to+動詞原形或不帶to。否定:not+to do或not do句法功能:1)主語:常用it作形式主語,不定式為真正的主語:It is +形容詞+for sb. to do sth.It is important to keep fit. =To keep fit is important.2)賓語:(1)直接賓語:想,喜歡,希望:want, like, love, would like, hope, expect; 決定同意拒絕開始學習:decide, agree, refuse, begin, start, learn,

3、 需要計劃幫助提供:need, plan,help,offer+ to do(劃線的動詞還可以接doing) 如:Ill help to clean up the city parks。(賓語)疑問詞(what, who, which, where, when ,how,)+to do 作賓語I dont know what to say. 我不知道說什么。(2)賓補:tell,ask,want,wish,allow,invite,help,encourage,teach等+ sb. to do (hope不能接sb. to do)She asked me to say sorry. 她讓我道

4、歉。不帶to的不定式作賓補:使役動詞make/let/have sb. do(3)用it作形式賓語:I thinkfind、+it+adj.+to do sth 如:I find it hard to learn English.3) 定語:放名詞或代詞后,如:a good way to do, the best time to do, a place to do, something to drink/eat. 4) 狀語: 無固定搭配,常在完整句子后表目的。如:You could visit the sick kids to cheer them up.你可以看望生病的孩子來使他們高興起來

5、。5)表語:用在系動詞后。My dream is to become a scientist.(二)、動名詞doing1). 只接doing不接to do的動詞:finish, enjoy, keep, practice, mind, consider, put off, give up, feel like, be busy, have problems/difficulty/trouble/fun , cant stop +doing 2). 接to do與接doing意不同:stop/continue to do停下來/接著去做另一事stop/continue doing停止/繼續(xù)做某事

6、, remember/ forget to do記得/忘記去做某事,remember/forget doing記得/忘記做了某事try to do努力去做某事 try doing 嘗試做某事3).接do與doing 意不同:感官動詞see, hear, watch,notice + sb. do看見/聽見/觀看/注意到某人做了某事。 see, hear, watch, notice +sb. doing 看見/聽見/觀看/注意到某人正在做某事。4). 表示戶外活動:go shopping, go skating 去溜冰, go fishing, go boating, go camping,

7、go hiking, go bike riding, go swimming.4). 動名詞作主語時,謂語看作單數(shù)。如:Listening to music makes me happy.5). 在介詞后動詞要加ing, 即介詞+doing.如:Thanks for helping me.3.發(fā)出請求和請求允許的句型Could you (please)+動詞原形+、?請你、好嗎? (發(fā)出請求)肯定回答:Yes, I can. Yes, sure. No problem. 否定回答:Sorry, I cant. Im afraid I cant.Could I +動詞原形+、? 我可以、嗎? (

8、請求允許)肯定回答:Yes, you can. Yes, please. 否定回答:Sorry, you cant. Im afraid you cant.以could開頭的表示禮貌地發(fā)出請求或請求允許的疑問句,簡略回答不能用couldcouldnt,要用cancant4.過去進行時:表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)進行或發(fā)生的動作。1),結構:=主語+was/were+doing+其它=主語+was/were+not+doing+其它=Was/Were+主語+doing+其它2),時間狀語:last night, at this time of yesterday等;或者與when,whil

9、e,as引導的過去時間狀語連用3),when 當、的時候,引導的時間狀語從句可用一般過去時或過去進行時;可以和非延續(xù)性動詞連用(begin to rain非延續(xù)性),表示點時間;也可以和延續(xù)性動詞連用,表示段時間。I was waiting for the bus when it began to rain heavily. 當開始下大雨的時候,我正在等公交車。When I was waiting for the bus, it began to rain heavily.當我正在等公交車時,開始下大雨了。while 當。時,引導的從句只能用進行時態(tài),和延續(xù)性動詞連用,表示段時間。當復合句的主

10、句和從句都用過去進行時,連詞只能用while不能用when。如:My mother was cooking dinner while my father was reading a newspaper.可歸納為以下主從時態(tài)結構:過去進行時+when+一般過去時一般過去時+when/while+過去進行時過去進行時+while+過去進行時4)主從句判斷方法:連詞引導的是從句,另一個就是主句。主從位置不限定前后,若從句在前,中間用逗號隔開。主句從句各有自己的主謂結構。5. 連詞與狀語從句: 1)until 直到。用于肯定句,與延續(xù)性動詞連用;not 、until , 直到、才,否定句中 ,引導時間

11、狀語從句。如: I studied until midnight. = I didnt stop studying until midnight.2)so that 以便、為了,引導目的狀語從句,且從句常含有情態(tài)動詞(can, could, should等)You should talk to him so that you can say youre sorry.so+形容詞+that從句,如此、以至于,引導結果狀語從句。 當主句和從句的主語一致,且從句是肯定句時,so that與enough to可轉換; 當從句時否定句時,so that與too to可轉換He is so strong

12、that he can carry the box. = He is strong enough to carry the box. 他那么壯,能搬動這個箱子。He is so weak that he cant carry the box. =He is too weak to carry the box. 他那么弱,搬不動這個箱子。such+(a/an)+形容詞+名詞+that從句, 如:This is such an interesting book that I cant put it down. 4)as soon as一、就、引導時間狀語從句。談論將來的事,時態(tài)要“主將從現(xiàn)”。如:

13、I will call you as soon as I get home.我一到家就給你打電話。談論過去的事,主從都用過去時。 5)unless連詞,除非,如果不=if not 。 時態(tài)符合“主將從現(xiàn)”You will be late unless you hurry up. = If you dont hurry up, you will be late.你將遲到,除非你快點。 6)although=though=even though,盡管,即使,雖然。引導讓步狀語從句,與but 不能連用。7) whether or 不管、還是, 引導讓步狀語從句。6. 數(shù)詞知識:1)1000以上的基數(shù)

14、詞的讀法,從右開始數(shù),每隔三位數(shù)加一個逗號:第一個逗號thousand(千),第二個million(百萬),第三個billion(十億) nine million, six hundred thousand 注意:hundred后通常加and,十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)之間加連字符-,小數(shù)點讀作point,小數(shù)點后的數(shù)一 一讀。2)確數(shù):基數(shù)詞+hundredthousandmillion 。百/千/百萬(前有數(shù)字后無s與of)如:four thousand概數(shù):hundredsthousandsmillions +of 數(shù)以百計/。(前無數(shù)字后加s與of)3)分數(shù)的表達方式:分子分母=基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞(當分

15、子大于1,分母加s)three quarters=three fourths 四分之三形容詞、副詞的等級:原級:只描述一個人或事物,原級前可用very,quite, so, really等修飾。as+adj或adv.原級+as: 和、一樣,否定結構:not asas+adj或adv.原級+as: 不如8. 現(xiàn)在完成時(一):表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。 常用時間狀語有:already已經(jīng)(肯定句中) yet已經(jīng)(用于疑問句句末)還(用于否定句句末),just剛剛,ever曾經(jīng)never從來沒有,before以前(用于句末),so far到目前為止,once一次如:I h

16、ave already finished my homework, so I can watch TV now.(完成作業(yè)對現(xiàn)在看電視的影響)(二)表示從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。常用時間狀語有:for+一段時間,since+過去某時刻/ ago/過去時從句,in the last/past years, how long. 必須與延續(xù)性動詞連用,如:I have had this bike for three years.現(xiàn)在完成時結構:1)主語+ have / has +過去分詞+其他(當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時用has,其余人稱用have)過去分詞:規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞構成與動詞過去式相

17、同:+ed;不規(guī)則動詞P136。havehas been (to)+地點 去過某地(已回來,)havehas gone ( to) +地點 去了某地(未回來,)havehas been (in) +地點(還在某地,和時間段連用)(當?shù)攸c是副詞時,介詞省略)。如:I have been to Beijing twice.我去過北京兩次。Where is she? She has gone to Beijing.她去哪了?她去了北京。She has been in Beijing for two weeks. 她在北京呆了兩個星期了。現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別:1、與現(xiàn)在是否有聯(lián)系:一般過去時只

18、強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作,現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響。I read this book yesterday (只強調(diào)讀這個動作) I have read this book. I learn something new now. (讀這個動作對現(xiàn)在的影響:學到一些新東西)2、一般過去時與過去的具體時間連用,如:yesterday, last year, when, two days ago等?,F(xiàn)在完成時則不能。9、Whats the matter with sbsth? 某人或某物怎么了? 詢問問題的其他常用句型:Whats the troubleproblem with sb?Whats

19、 wrong with sb? What happened to sb? 某人發(fā)生了什么事?10、健康問題的表達:1)havehas a coldfevercough (感冒,發(fā)燒,咳嗽)2)havehas a stomachachetoothacheheadache(胃疼,牙疼,頭疼)3)havehas a sore backthroat (背疼,嗓子疼)4 ) head and neck hurt 頭和脖子疼(P2)5) hurt yourself 傷到你自己(P4)hurt his back傷到他的背(p5)6)cut oneself身體部位 cut myself切到自己(P2)7)ha

20、ve a heart problem心臟病 have problems breathing 呼吸困難 8)get hit 被打 get sunburned 被曬傷11、不規(guī)則復數(shù):foot-feet tooth-teeth Japanese-Japanese Chinese- Chinese 12. too much 太多,可以修飾動詞和不可數(shù)名詞;much too 太,修飾形容詞, too many 太多,修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。13.enough修飾名詞,可前可后,water enough=enough water足夠的水;修飾形容詞需后置,big enough足夠大14.用an 表示“一個”的

21、詞:X-ray, 8-year-old boy, accident, alarm, amusement park, island, interesting book, honest student等元音開頭的詞(不是看元音字母)15. with 介詞 帶有,具有。如:hot tea with honey 反義:without沒有,不帶有:without eating breakfast16. because of+名詞、代詞、動詞ing; because+ 從句17. 反身代詞:單數(shù):myself, yourself ,himself, herself, itself 復數(shù):ourselves

22、, yourselves, themselves常見短語:hurt oneself 傷到某人自己 by oneself 獨自 enjoy oneself 玩的開心18. a few, few 后接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù),a little, little后接不可數(shù)名詞;a few幾個,a little有點兒,表示肯定意義,few,little 很少、幾乎沒有,表示否定意義。19. be used to doing sth 習慣做某事 used to do sth 過去常常做某事I used to stay up late, but Im used to going to bed early.我過去常常熬

23、夜,但是現(xiàn)在習慣早睡了。20. lonely 孤獨的(有感情色彩)alone單獨,獨自(無感情色彩)feel lonely; live alone21.動副短語接代詞時,代詞要放中間,如: give it/them up22. So +助動詞/be/情態(tài)動詞+ 主語 “某人也一樣” 如:I often exercise. So _ he.Neither +助動詞/be/情態(tài)動詞+ 主語“某人也不”23. 區(qū)分:neither 兩者都不,either 兩個中任一個,both兩個都,all三個或以上都。用neither of或either of 作主語時,謂語為單數(shù);用both of all of

24、 作主語時,謂語為復數(shù)。如: Neither of them _been to London before. Both of my parents _(be) doctors24.區(qū)分:三個“也”too用于肯定句末,either用于否定句末,also用于句中。如:He did not want to lose his toy monkey, _25. 花費:spend, pay, cost, and takesb spend timemoney on sth doing sth 某人花費時間、金錢做某事sb pay some money for sth 某人付錢買某物it takes sb s

25、ome time to do sth 做某事話費多少時間sth cost (sb) some money 某物花費某人多少錢26in order to +do (短語)為了,目的是。否定:in order not to doso that +從句 “為了,以便于”27. 區(qū)分兩個“如此”: such+(aan)+形容詞+名詞 , so + 形容詞/副詞。 如:such bad weather; so lovely28、復合句中的賓語從句用陳述語序。如:I can do what I love to do and help others at the same vide s

26、th for sb=provide sb with sth 為某人提供某物 同義:offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.keep sb./sth. + 形容詞:使某人或某物保持。 如:keep clean and tidy 保持干凈整潔31.Why dont you +do=Why not +do(動詞原形) 為什么不。? (提建議)Why dont you talk to your parents? = Why not talk to your parents?其他提意見的句型(了解)Whathow about +doing sth? 做某事怎么樣?Shall

27、we +do sth 讓我們做某事好嗎?Lets +do sth 讓我們做某事吧Would you mind +doing sth 你介意做某事嗎?You had better (not) +do sth 你最好(不)做某事32. instead 相反,卻,代替,修飾整個句子(放句首或句末). instead of+名詞、代詞、動詞ing: 代替,而不是(放句中)如:He would like to stay at home _ going shopping.33.leave和forget的區(qū)別: leave sth someplace把某物落在某地 forget to do sth忘記做某事

28、(抽象的事情) 如:You _ homework at home yesterday. 34. other +名詞復數(shù) “其他的?!保褐?;onethe other(兩個中)一個。另一個;another(三個及以上中)另一個;any other +名詞單數(shù) “任何其他的?!?the other +名詞復數(shù)=the others “其余的?!保刂?5.This thatlastnext +時間(前面沒有介詞)如:What were you doing last night?36. 常見不可數(shù)名詞(抽象名詞):pressure, stress, information, news, advice

29、, weather, pollution, progress37. 區(qū)分:maybe也許、可能, 常放句首;may be可能是,在句中作謂語。38. 介詞:1)against倚、碰、撞、反對。如:fight against對抗,beat against撞擊;2).during在。期間,如:during the daytime,during the holiday; 3). among 在三者或以上之中,如:among the students, between 兩者之間,如:the classes在課間,between the school and the bank. 4)by 在。旁邊by

30、the sea; 不遲于by 5 oclock; 被,由某人by Moyan; 乘騎by bus; 通過做某事by exersicing;5))along沿著 along the way 6)down沿著;向下down the street, sit down39.區(qū)分: whole adj 全部的,整體的 the+whole+cn單數(shù) 如: the whole family 整個家庭All+the+uncn復數(shù) all the money所有的錢 all the books所有的書40. 感嘆句:what+aan+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主謂!what+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+主謂!

31、How+形容詞/副詞+主謂!_ a long time you slept in the forest!你們在森林里睡了這么久!41. 區(qū)分: voice (人的)嗓音 sound 泛指聲音 noise噪音 42. population 集合名詞,人口,人口數(shù)量1)The population of + is 某地的人口是、(指人口總稱,謂語動詞單數(shù))The population of China is 1.3 billion.2)分數(shù)百分數(shù)+of the population are (謂語動詞復數(shù))90% of the population in China are Han people.

32、3)形容人口多少:big, large, small The population of China is large,中國人口眾多。4)對人口提問:what或how large 如:Whats the population of China?43.tour 旅行,旅游(觀光游玩);Journey(長途),trip(短途),travel泛指44. How high/long/wide/deep is .? 多高/長/寬/深? 答:Its +數(shù)字 + meters/kilometers high/long/wide/deep.45. as用法:1)由于 2)當。時 3)作為。(人)46. seem用法:意為:看起來,似乎It seems +形容詞+ to do;It seems that+從句; sb. seems to do 47. else 常用在疑問詞或復合不定代詞后:who else, what e

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權或不適當內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論