講與練02 形容詞與副詞在語法填空中的考查特征(含答案解析)-2022年高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí)講與練(通用版)

1、2022年高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí)講與練（通用版）02形容詞與副詞在語法填空中的考查特征【高頻考點(diǎn)回顧】 高頻考點(diǎn)形容詞與副詞 【真題再現(xiàn)】語法填空1. （2018全國卷 I ）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years （long） than non-runners.2（2018全國卷III） That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the （loud） of all.（20

2、19全國卷 II ）Her years of hard work have （final） been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提 名）her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.（2019全國卷 II ）But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its （wonder）.（2019-:HIII）They also shared with us many （tradition）stori

3、es about Hawaii that were （huge）popular with tourists.答案： Monger2.loudest 3. finally 4.wonderful5.traditional; hugely【關(guān)鍵技法點(diǎn)撥】語法填空解題策略.看到空格處修飾的是名詞，要想到用形容詞。.看到空格處修飾的是動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，要想到用副詞。.看到與濟(jì)的連用，要想到用形容詞或副詞的比擬級(jí)。.看到0位,”,/2加等并列連詞前或后用的比擬級(jí)，要想到用比擬級(jí)。.看到語境中暗含比擬含義，要想到用比擬級(jí)（二者之間）或最高級(jí)（三者及以上）。【重點(diǎn)知識(shí)提示】一、形容詞、副詞后綴.

4、名詞或動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的規(guī)律類別例詞詞尾加一ycloud一cloudy, lucklucky, health一healthy, sleepsleepy【答案】is studyingaddictionfrommorewhichaffectingareavoidNotinga / per【解析】本文是一篇說明文。從事個(gè)性特點(diǎn)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)成癮之間關(guān)系研究的Roberts教授說：更好地理解相互關(guān) 系（個(gè)性和與媒體應(yīng)用之間相互影響的關(guān)系）有助于使人們遠(yuǎn)離網(wǎng)絡(luò)成癮。.考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。雖然say用的是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，但它只表達(dá)“說”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去。因這項(xiàng)研究還 在繼續(xù)，所以study用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，本句中的no

5、w也暗示了這一點(diǎn)，故填is studying。.考查名詞。此處需要介詞的賓語，所以使用名詞addictiono此處addicting動(dòng)名詞不可接受，在需要名 詞場(chǎng)合，恰巧該詞既有名詞形式，又有動(dòng)詞詞性（study, work, explain, explanation等）時(shí)，確定使用該詞的名 詞形式還是動(dòng)名詞形式的方法是：假設(shè)該詞后有狀語、賓語，一定使用動(dòng)名詞形式；假設(shè)該詞前有形容詞，一 定使用名詞形式（此題前面有online,因此暗示使用名詞形式），故填addiction。.考查介詞。keep away from （遠(yuǎn)離）是固定搭配，故用from。.考查比擬級(jí)。自控是人們與生俱來的能力。通過

6、后天教育，人會(huì)有更多的自控，因此使用more。.考查定語從句。分析句子可知，is making us forget our own responsibility we should shoulder 制性定語從句，其先行詞為前面整個(gè)主句，該從句缺乏主語，故用關(guān)系代詞which。.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，affect作后置定語修飾personality,與其邏輯主語personality為主謂關(guān) 系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式affecting。.考查主謂一致。or連接主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞就近一致。此處主語是“a generation or two （generations必須省 略）、故填are。.考查

7、非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處avoid是與become并列的省略to的不定式充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)語，故填avoid。.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，note作原因狀語，與其邏輯主語he是主謂關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞, 故用 Notingo.考查冠詞。表達(dá)頻率的“每一”時(shí)，使用不定冠詞a/an/per,故用a/per。4Advice is a word that is welcomed warmly by a lot of people. It helps in 31. (achieve) goals in a better way. As we know, 32. (experience) people offer

8、their advice with a positive attitude without making a 33. (judge). You can learn how they give advice.Give advice to people who welcome it. In fact, your focus should be helping others and making 34. aware that the advice can be useful if taken in the right spirit. When advice 35. (give), it should

9、 be short. It is also essential that while giving advice, one should be fair. As giving advice is 36. art, you should always state the positive side first so that the person is 37. (relax) and would in turn welcome your advice.Give advice on certain matters. 38. a friend of yours wants to buy a car

10、and requests your advice on the matter, your aim should be to give him details about things to be purchased, but you need not go for some particular brands or items. 39. (similar), advice on some other important issues, like staying in the relationship or future planning, needs to be given 40. (caut

11、ious).【答案】achievingexperiencedjudgmentthemis givenanrelaxedIfSimilarlycautiously【解析】這是一篇說明文。本文的主要內(nèi)容是給人建議是一門藝術(shù)，本文就如何給出建議提出了幾個(gè)注意 事項(xiàng)。.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：它有助于以更好的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。根據(jù)空前in可知，空處填動(dòng)詞-ing形式，故 填 achieving o.考查形容詞。句意：經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的人提供他們的建議。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處填形容詞修飾后面的名詞 people, experienced意為“有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，符合句意，故填experiencedo.考查名詞。句意：正如我們所

12、知，經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的人以積極的態(tài)度提供建議，而不做任何判斷。根據(jù)空前a 可知，空處填名詞，judgment意為判斷，故填judgment。.考查代詞。句意：事實(shí)上，你的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是幫助他人，并讓他們意識(shí)到，如果本著正確的態(tài)度采納這些 建議，它們是有用的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處填代詞，make sb. aware意為“讓某人意識(shí)到 再結(jié)合句意 可知,此處用them指代others,故填them。.考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)提出建議時(shí)，應(yīng)該簡(jiǎn)短。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處填謂語，主語是advice和 give之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，再結(jié)合語境可知，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填is given。.考查冠詞。句意：因?yàn)樘峁┙ㄗh是一

13、門藝術(shù)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處填冠詞，再結(jié)合語境可知，art 是元音開頭，且表示泛指，故填an。.考查形容詞。句意：你應(yīng)該總是先說積極的一面，這樣對(duì)方才會(huì)放松。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處填形容 詞，relaxed意為“放松的”，符合句意,故填relaxed。.考查狀語從句連詞。句意：如果你的朋友想買一輛車，并向你征求意見，你的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是告訴他要買的 東西的細(xì)節(jié)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處填附屬連詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句，再結(jié)合句意可知，空處填if引導(dǎo)條件狀 語從句，意為“如果”故填I(lǐng)f。.考查副詞。句意：在其他一些重要問題上，比方維持關(guān)系或未來規(guī)劃，需要謹(jǐn)慎地給出建議。分析句子 結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處填副詞，修飾空后的

14、句子，再結(jié)合句意可知，similarly意為“相似地”，故填Similarly。.考查副詞。句意：在其他一些重要問題上，比方維持關(guān)系或未來規(guī)劃，需要謹(jǐn)慎地給出建議。分析句子 結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處填副詞，修飾空前be given,再結(jié)合句意可知，cautiously意為“謹(jǐn)慎地”，故填cautiously。5Who is smarter? A human being or artificial intelligence? The question 41, (sweep) across the world when a Google-developed program called AlphaGo de

15、feated the world top player. So, what comes next?Some people are pessimistic, saying that the full development of artificial intelligence, 42, AI in short, could mean the end of the human race. So are we really about to live in the world 43. (show) in the Terminator (終結(jié) 者)movies?“Not quite, “answere

16、d John Markoff of The New York Times, 44. is optimistic about the future. We think that, for the human beings, things like sight and balance, 45. (be)natural and ordinary in our life. Also, we humans are better at making 46. (adjust) to the surroundings. We have a long way to go before AI can 47. (t

17、rue) begin to be similar to the human brain, even though the technology can be great. Meanwhile, John Markoff said that researchers should build artificial intelligence to make people more 48. (effect).“Our fate (命運(yùn))is 49. our own hands, “he added/Since technology depends on the values of 50. (it) c

18、reators, we can choose to use technology to improve the world.”【答案】sweptorshownwhoareadjustment (s)trulyeffectiveinits【解析】這是一篇議論文。誰更聰明？人類還是人工智能？ AlphaG。在圍棋領(lǐng)域擊敗了人類，但這能說明人 工智能可以取代人類的大腦嗎？不同的人對(duì)未來有不同的看法。.考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)從句中的“defeated”可知，此處的事情發(fā)生在過去，故主句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。故填swepto.考查連詞。句意：人工智能的全面開展，簡(jiǎn)而言之，可能意味著人類的終結(jié)。artificial

19、intelligence或簡(jiǎn) 稱為AI。該空表示“或者故填。人.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我們真的要活在“終結(jié)者”電影里的世界里了嗎？ (show) in the Terminator (終結(jié)者)movies是定語，修飾the worldo the world和show之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。 故填showno.考查定語從句。is optimistic about the future是非限制性定語從句。修飾John Markoff。引導(dǎo)詞在 從句中作主語，指人，應(yīng)該用who引導(dǎo)該從句。故填who。.考查時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致。句意：像視覺和平衡這樣的事物在我們的生活中是自然的，平凡的。

20、這里說的是 客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。根據(jù)主謂一致原那么，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該和things保持一致，故填are。.考查名詞?？仗幵诰渲凶鱩aking的賓語，需要用名詞形式。故填adjustment (s)。.考查副詞?？仗幵诰渲行揎椫^語動(dòng)詞begin,需要用副詞形式。故填truly。.考查形容詞。該處考查make+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語補(bǔ)足語應(yīng)該用形容詞。且空前有more修飾， 故該處填effective o.考查介詞。句意：我們的命運(yùn)由我們自己控制。表示“由某人控制”,應(yīng)該用in ones hands。故填in。 50.考查代詞?？仗幵诰渲凶鞫ㄕZ，修飾名詞creators,故應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代

21、詞。故填its。6There was a young flower in the desert5L all was dry and sad looking. It was growing by itself,52. (enjoy) every day and saying to the sun, 53. shall I be grown up?” And the sun would say HBe54. (patience) ! Each time I touch you, you grow a little.11 She was so pleased,55. she would have a

22、 chance to bring beauty to this corner of sand. And this is all she wanted to do - bring a little bit of beauty to this world.one day the hunter came by and stepped on her. She was going to die and she felt so sad, not because she was57.(die), but because she would58. (ever) have a chance to bring a

23、 little bit of beauty to this corner of the desert.The great spirit saw her, and was listening. - Indeed, he said. She should be living. So he reached down and touched her - and gave her59, second life.Finally she grew up to be a beautiful flower. And this corner of the desert also became so beautif

24、ul because60. the little flower.【答案】whereenjoyingWhenpatientbecauseButdyingneveraof【解析】本文是一篇故事。文章講述的是沙漠里的一朵花希望自己快點(diǎn)長(zhǎng)大，能夠?yàn)樯衬囊挥缭鎏砻利悺?51.考查定語從句。句中的先行詞為desert,在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞whereo句意：有朵小花 生長(zhǎng)在遍地干旱、滿目悲涼的沙漠中。故填where。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句中的邏輯主語為it,代指young flower,與enjoy之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作 狀語。句意：它單獨(dú)生長(zhǎng)在那里，享受著每一天。故填enjoying。考

25、查關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)句意可知，這里表示“什么時(shí)候、故用關(guān)系詞when。句意：她問太陽公公，“我什么 時(shí)候才能長(zhǎng)大？ ”故填When。考查形容詞。這里為形容詞作表語。句意:要有耐心！我每次撫摸你，你都會(huì)長(zhǎng)大一點(diǎn)故填patient?？疾檫B詞。前后句為因果關(guān)系，故用becauseo句意：因?yàn)樗灿袡C(jī)會(huì)為沙漠的一隅增添美麗了。故填 becauseo考查連詞。前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用連詞buto句意：但是一天，一位獵人經(jīng)過，正好踩在她身上。她 快要死了。故填But。考查動(dòng)詞。這里表示“垂死的 故用dyingo句意：并不是因?yàn)樗磳⑺廊?，而是因?yàn)樵贈(zèng)]有機(jī)會(huì)為沙 漠增添一絲美麗了。故填dying?？疾楦痹~。根據(jù)句意

26、可知這里表示否認(rèn)，故用nevero句意：因?yàn)樵贈(zèng)]有機(jī)會(huì)為沙漠增添一絲美麗了。 故填nevero考查冠詞。這里a second表示“再一次”。句意：他俯下身，撫摸著她，再給予她一次生命。故填a。考查介詞。這里考查短語because of因?yàn)?，后接名詞。句意：由于她的存在，這沙漠的一隅變得如此美 麗。故填of。7Imagine 61. (take) a photo of an apple on the moon with your smartphone. It seems 62. possible) , right? But that*s what it was like63. scientist

27、s to take a photo of a black hole in space. In spite of many challenges, scientists have finally gotten the first image of a black hole.Black holes are one of the most mysterious things in 64. universe. According to Einsteins theory, a black hole comes from a dying star. 65. collapses (坍塌)into a sma

28、ll point with a lot of mass and strong gravity.The strong gravity of black hole allows it 66. (pull) other things in and neatnthem.Not even light can escape a black hole.The photo proves Einstein was right. It makes the general theory of relativity 67. (believe) .Although they are mysterious, it is

29、likely that black holes are 68. (actual) quite common. Scientists believe that every large galaxy has a big black hole at its center-the one in our galaxy 69. (call) Sagittarius A. Considering this, studying black holes can tell us many things about other galaxies 70. even the entire universe.【答案】ta

30、kingimpossibleforthewhichto pullbelievableactuallyis calledand / or【解析】這是一篇說明文。介紹拍攝黑洞照片非常不容易，而黑洞照片也證實(shí)了愛因斯坦的廣義相對(duì)論。科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在對(duì)黑洞照片進(jìn)行研究，也許能夠解決宇宙中更大的謎團(tuán)。.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：想象一下用你的智能手機(jī)在月球上拍一張?zhí)O果的照片。短語image doing sth想 象做莫事，后跟-ing形式，故填taking。.考查形容詞。句意：這似乎是不可能的，對(duì)吧？根據(jù)句意可知表示“不可能的“，應(yīng)填impossible。.考查介詞。句意：但對(duì)于科學(xué)家們來說這就是在太空中拍攝黑

31、洞的感覺。表示“對(duì)于；就而言 應(yīng)填介詞fOFo.考查冠詞。句意：黑洞是宇宙中最神秘的東西之一。短語in the universe”在宇宙中，故填冠詞the。.考查定語從句連接詞。句意：根據(jù)愛因斯坦的理論，黑洞來自一顆垂死的恒星，它坍縮成一個(gè)小點(diǎn)，質(zhì) 量很大，引力很大。本句為定語從句修飾先行詞a dying star且先行詞在從句中做主語，指物，故填which。.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：黑洞的強(qiáng)大引力使它能把其他東西拉進(jìn)去“吃掉”。短語allow to do ”允許做.” 后跟不定式，故填to pullo.考查形容詞。句意：它使廣義相對(duì)論可信。本句為形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。表示“使怎么樣”，故填 be

32、lievableo.考查副詞。句意:雖然黑洞很神秘，但它很可能是相當(dāng)普遍的。修飾形容詞common應(yīng)用副詞，故填actually o.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，每個(gè)大星系的中心都有一個(gè)大黑洞我們星系中的這個(gè)黑 洞被稱為人馬座A。描述客觀真理用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填iscalled。.考查連詞。句意：考慮到這一點(diǎn)，研究黑洞可以告訴我們?cè)S多關(guān)于其他星系甚至整個(gè)宇宙的事情。短語and/or even甚至；乃至，故填 and/or。Last Thursday, there was a big fire in a big shop in our city. At 8:16

33、 that morning,7 1. the employees were working busily in the 4-storeyed building, heavy smoke was seen 72. (come) out of the windows on the second floor. The fire lasted nearly an hour, and the majority of the 345 employees managed 73. (escape) from the fire. Unfortunately, 7were killed, and 23 injur

34、ed, lightly or seriously.Some workers 74. (complain) that aids came too late, 75. the firemen did come just 10 minutes after the fire was reported. To rescue everyone from the burning and smoking building in such a short time was too difficult. The only two exits of the big building were not enough

35、for so many people to withdraw in76, hurry.The reason of the fire, according to an investigator, was 77. someone broke the non-smoking rule in the factory, because some cigarette ends 78. (find). Next two weeks, 15 inspection teams will be working in all the factories 79. turn, aiming to clear away

36、the possibility of more fires. 80. (hope), no disasters like this will happen again.【答案】. when. coming. to escape. complained. but. a. that. were found. in. Hopefully【解析】這是一篇記敘文。上周五一個(gè)商店失火，造成了人員傷亡。失火原因據(jù)說是煙頭引起的。接下來 的兩周內(nèi)，會(huì)有15隊(duì)檢查組輪流巡查，以清除更多火災(zāi)發(fā)生的可能性。71.考查定語從句。句意：那天早上8:16,當(dāng)這棟四層樓里的員工正在忙碌工作時(shí)，濃煙從二層的窗口被看 見冒了出

37、來。這是一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞為8:16 that morning,表示時(shí)間，且從句缺少時(shí)間狀語，故填when。 72.考查分詞。句意同上。smoke與come之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填coming?？疾椴欢ㄊ健＞湟猓夯鸪掷m(xù)了將近一個(gè)小時(shí)，345名員工中大多數(shù)人從火里逃了出來?！癿anage to do sth.” 意為“成功做成某事、故填toescape?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意：一些員工抱怨救援來的太晚，但是消防員確實(shí)在火勢(shì)報(bào)道出來的十分鐘內(nèi)就趕到了。 這篇文章使用的是一般過去時(shí)，且由后半個(gè)分句中的did也可知，這句話應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。故填complained。 75.考查連詞。句意同上。根據(jù)句意，前后分句

38、間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but?？疾楣谠~。句意：這棟大樓僅有的兩個(gè)出口缺乏以讓這么多人如此匆忙地撤出?！癷n a hurry”意為“立即， 匆忙。為固定搭配。故填a?？疾楸碚Z從句。句意：據(jù)調(diào)查者說，火因是某人違反了工廠的禁煙規(guī)那么，因?yàn)橐恍燁^被找到了?？崭?位于was后，且空格后是一句完整的陳述句，不缺句子成分，所以這是一個(gè)表語從句，填that?？疾楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。句意同上。全文使用的是一般過去時(shí)，所以這句話也應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。“some cigarette ends”與find之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。且some cigarette ends是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填were found o考

39、查介詞短語。句意：接下來的兩周內(nèi)，會(huì)有15隊(duì)檢查組輪流上班，以清除更多火災(zāi)發(fā)生的可能性?！癷n tunT翻譯為“輪流，依次 是固定搭配。故填in?？疾楦痹~。句意：希望這樣的災(zāi)難不要再發(fā)生?？崭裎挥诰涫?，修飾整個(gè)句子，應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填 Hopefully o9When meeting people at the airport, most people smile and shake hands with people they meet. We know that a smile is usually a sign that people feel friendly and happy, 8

40、1. what if we dont know who the new person is? What if we are not 82. (introduce) by a friend? Sometimes people are dangerous and humans have to find ways to protect 83. (themself). We have to make sure we can trust people we do not know, and we have to show that we are not dangerous, showing our ha

41、nds means that we are not armed. In many cultures today, the Western custom of84. (shake) hands is used. We use our right hand, which is usually 85. (strong) than the left one. If we are using our hand this way, it cannot be holding a knife or a gun. It shows that we can trust each other.Not all cul

42、tures use the handshake, and people in many Asian cultures do not always touch another person. Japanese people might cover one hand with 86. other hand, depending on 87. they are greeting, bow 88. (slight) or quite low. A Muslim will touch his heart, mouth and forehead 89. (show) respect. They are a

43、ll keeping their hands busy. In almost all cultures, to smile and show an open right hand 90. (mean). Welcome, you are safe with me.【答案】butintroducedthemselvesshakingstrongerthewhom/whoslightlyto showmeans【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了世界各地幾種常見的問候禮儀。.考查連詞。句意：我們知道微笑通常是人們感到友好和快樂的標(biāo)志，但如果我們不知道這個(gè)新面孔是誰 呢?根據(jù)句意可知前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填

44、but。.考查語態(tài)。句意：如果不是通過朋友介紹又會(huì)怎樣呢？ we與introduce之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語 態(tài)，故填 introduced。.考查代詞。句意：有時(shí)候人是危險(xiǎn)的，人們需要想方法保護(hù)自己。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“他們自己”，故填 themselves o.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在今天的許多文化中，都使用了西方握手的習(xí)俗。作介詞of的賓語用動(dòng)名詞, 故填 shaking o.考查形容詞比擬級(jí)。句意：我們通常用右手，右手比左手更有力。“than”說明此處用形容詞比擬級(jí)，故 填 stronger o.考查冠詞。句意：日本人可能會(huì)用另一只手捂住另一只手，這取決于他們?cè)诤驼l打招呼，鞠躬的

45、幅度也 不同（輕微鞠躬還是把腰彎得很低）。the other表示“兩者中的另一個(gè)、故填the。.考查賓語從句。句意參考上題解析，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處為賓語從句，從句中的greeting缺少賓語， 故填 whom/whoo.考查副詞。句意參考第6題解析，修飾動(dòng)詞bow用副詞，故填slightly。.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：穆斯林會(huì)觸摸自己的心、嘴和前額來表示尊重。此處表示目的，應(yīng)該用不定式 作目的狀語，故填to show。詞尾加（e）dgift一gifted, talenttalented, advance一advanced詞尾加ful/lessmeaningmeaningfiil/meaning

46、less9 carecareful/careless, helphelpflil/helpless, harmharmful/harmless, home一homeless, colourcolourful/colourless, useusefUl/useless, thank一thankful, peace 一 peaceful詞尾加 ablecomfortcomfbrtable, knowledgeknowledgeable, acceptacceptable, respect 一 respectable詞尾加一OUSdangerdangerous9 couragecourageous,

47、 humourhumorous詞尾的-ce變?yōu)橐籺confidenceconfident, difference一different詞尾加一almusic一musical, person一personal, nation一national, educationeducational, traditiontraditional詞尾加一lyfHend一friendly, week一weekly, love一lovely詞尾加一enwood一wooden, wool一woolen其他常 見變化energyenergetic, fbol一fbolish, pleasurepleasant/please

48、d, sciencescientific以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的名詞變成形容詞時(shí)，要雙寫該輔音字母再加一 y（如sun-sunny, funfunny等），以e結(jié)尾的名詞要去掉e再加一y（如 noisenoisy, ice-icy 等）動(dòng)詞詞尾力口一 tive/-ive/-ativeattract一attractive, talk一talkative, prevent一preventive2.區(qū)分一ed形容詞與一ing形容詞解決此類問題有兩個(gè)切入點(diǎn)：第一，看語境表示的是“令人7-ing）,還是“感到”（一ed）；第二, 看語境說明的是性質(zhì)特征（一ing）,還是感受（一ed）。具體如下：ing型形容詞

49、主要用于修飾事物，表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征，常譯為“令人的、修飾人時(shí)，那么表 示此人具有此性質(zhì)或特征。The story is very interesting.這個(gè)故事很有趣。（故事本身有趣）。The man is very interesting.這個(gè)人很有趣。（人本身或人的性格有趣）（2）ed型形容詞通常用于說明人的感受，常譯為“感到的“，強(qiáng)調(diào)人自身的情感波動(dòng)；修飾事物時(shí), 那么多修飾 smile（微笑）、feeling（感覺）、appearance（外貌）、cry（哭）、face（面部表情）、voice（聲音）、mood（情 緒）、look（表情）等表示某人的情感狀況的名詞。90.考查時(shí)態(tài)

50、和主謂一致。句意：幾乎在所有的文化中，微笑和伸出右手都表示“歡迎，你和我在一起很安 全講述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不定式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填means。He had a pleased smile on his face.他臉上露出了滿意的微笑。（a pleased smile意為“滿意的微笑。指某人因感到滿意而露出的微笑）He told me the news in a very excited voice.他以非常激動(dòng)的聲音告訴了我這個(gè)消息。（a very excited voice意為“很激動(dòng)的聲音”，指某人因感到激動(dòng) 而發(fā)出的聲音）3.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的規(guī)律類別

51、例詞形容詞+后 綴一 lyclear一clearly, greatgreatly, loudloudly, suddensuddenly, sinceresincerely以輔音字母加一y結(jié)尾的形容 詞，把y變成i再加一lyhappyhappily, heavyheavily, angry一angrily, lucky-luckily, noisynoisily詞尾為-ble/-le的形容詞，去掉e, 再加一yterrible一terribly, possible一possibly, gentle一gently, probableprobably, comfortablecomfbrtably

52、, responsible一responsibly, suitable一suitably詞尾為一ue的形容詞，去掉e再 加一lytruetruly詞尾為一11的形容詞，直接加一yfullfully, dull-dully詞尾為一ic的形容詞，加一allybasicbasically, scientificscientifically, specificspecifically, automaticautomatically二、形容詞與副詞的基本用法1 .形容詞和副詞的句法功能2 .兼有兩種形式的副詞詞性功能例句形容詞在句中做定語、表語、補(bǔ)語和狀語（說明 主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)和特征等）Optimis

53、tic, she is the sort of lady to spread sunshine to people through her smile.樂觀的她是那種通過微笑把陽光 傳遞給他人的女士。副詞在句中做狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞（短語）、形容 詞、副詞、介詞短語和句子等，方位副 詞可做后置定語、表語或補(bǔ)語I couldt find my way out, so I stayed there all along.我找不到出去的路，因 此我一直待在那里。其中一種形式與形容詞相同，另一種形式是在形容詞后加后綴-ly。這兩種形式的副詞表示的意義不同。close接近（指距離）一closely仔細(xì)地，密切地

54、free免費(fèi)一freely自由地，自如地deep深一deeply深刻地，深入地hard努力地一hardly幾乎不wide寬闊地一widely廣泛地high高一highly高度地late晚，遲一lately近來near鄰近一nearly幾乎most最一mostly主要地；絕大多數(shù)地pretty相當(dāng)?shù)匾籶rettily優(yōu)美地提示以下單詞以-ly結(jié)尾，但卻是形容詞而非副詞：lively、lonelylovelydeadly friendlyugly silly likely brotherly timely 等。3.常用的連接性副詞(完形中?？?though 一般用于句末，意為“然而，可是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)

55、折。meanwhile意為“在此期間”，表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。therefore/thus/consequently 意為“因此，所以，表示結(jié)果。moreover/furthermore/additionally 意為此夕卜”,表承接關(guān)系。besides意為另外，還有，表不遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。however意為“然而、表示讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折，常用逗號(hào)與句子其他成分隔開。instead意為“相反”，表示相反的情況。anyway/anyhow意為“盡管，即使這樣”，表示讓步。三、比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法高考對(duì)形容詞和副詞比擬等級(jí)的考查主要表達(dá)在兩個(gè)方面：一是通過標(biāo)志詞than或表比擬意義的語境 推出用比擬級(jí)或最高級(jí)；二

56、是考查一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法。.比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)那么形式單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的形容詞和副詞，在原級(jí)后加一er、 est構(gòu)成，如clevercleverer-cleverest0 其他特殊變化見下表：特殊情況構(gòu)成方法例詞以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾加一r和一stbravebraver-bravest以“輔音字母 +y”結(jié)尾變一y為i,再加一er和一esthappy-happier-happiest以重讀閉音 節(jié)結(jié)尾雙寫詞尾，再加一er和一esthot一hotter-hottest多音節(jié)和局部雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞，在原級(jí)前加more、most構(gòu)成。active-more active-m

57、ost activehappily-more happily-most happily(2)不規(guī)那么形式good/well -better-bestfar-farther/further-farthest/furthestbad/ill/badlyworseworst.等級(jí)用法的固定句型(1)同級(jí)比擬：as +形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+ as,其否認(rèn)形式是“not as/so +形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+ as”。(2)比擬級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)：形容詞/副詞的比擬級(jí)+ than; more/less +多音節(jié)或某些雙音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞+ than。 常見的修飾比擬級(jí)的詞有 any、much、even far by fa

58、r a lot a great deal 等。The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.這本書比我以前讀的書有趣多了。(3)最高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)：the+形容詞的最高級(jí)(+名詞)+比擬范圍(in/of/among短語)；one of the+形容詞的最 高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。常用來修飾最高級(jí)的詞有by far、almost以及序數(shù)詞等。Raymonds parents wanted him to have the best possible education.雷蒙德的父母想讓他接受最好的教育。.比擬級(jí)的常用句型“比擬級(jí)+

59、 and+比擬級(jí)”或“more and more +原級(jí)”表示越來越Holiday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive.假期的機(jī)票越來越廉價(jià)了。(2)“the+比擬級(jí),the+比擬級(jí)”，表示“越.，越工The more you listen and read, the better you write and speak.你聽得越多、讀得越多，你的寫作和口語就越好。(3)“the+比擬級(jí)+of(the) +名詞/代詞”，表示“(兩者中)較的LOf the two cameras, I would prefer the small

60、er one, which is very easy for me to carry.這兩個(gè)照相機(jī)，我喜歡較小的一個(gè)，它容易攜帶。.比擬級(jí)形式表達(dá)最高級(jí)的含義(1)“否認(rèn)詞語+比擬級(jí)”或“否認(rèn)詞語+ such/so . as”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級(jí)含義。Your story is perfect; Ive never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了，我從來沒有聽過比這更好聽的故事。(2)比擬級(jí)在以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)中均表示最高級(jí)含義：比擬級(jí)+ than + any other +單數(shù)名詞；比擬級(jí)+ than + all the other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞；比擬級(jí)+ than