非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之分詞

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 第1講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之分詞第九講分詞分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞或形容詞，可以在句中擔(dān)任表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。一分詞的形式和用法類(lèi)別形式構(gòu)成意義例句現(xiàn)在分詞 .般式主動(dòng)doing主動(dòng)/進(jìn)行所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。IhearsomeonesinginganEnglishsonginthenextroom.Lastnight,IheardsomeonesinginganEnglishsonginthenextroom.被動(dòng)beingdone被動(dòng)/進(jìn)行所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，與邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Themuseumbeingbuilttherewillbeopentothepublicnextyear.兀成式主動(dòng)havingdone主動(dòng)/完成所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Havingdonehishomework,Timplayedchesswithhisfriends.Havingcleanedtheclassroom,Iwenthome.被動(dòng)havingbeendone被動(dòng)/完成所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，與邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Havingbeenshownthelibrary,thevisitorswereledtotheaudio-visuallab.過(guò)去分詞done被動(dòng)/完成Theletterpostedyesterdaymayreachmyparentstomorrow.比較havingbeendone與done的區(qū)別表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系都是被動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞done不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念，不像havingbeendone強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生，過(guò)去分詞經(jīng)常可表示一種完成的狀態(tài)。WritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread.Builtmorethan800yearsago,theKrimlinistheworkingplaceoftheRussianpresident.Havingbeensurroundedbythefloodforoveraweek,thevillagerslackedfoodandmedicine.否定式not+分詞Sheremainedsilent,notknowingwhattosay.Nothearingthebell,theteacherkeptonteaching.二、分詞的語(yǔ)法功能（定狀補(bǔ)是高考重點(diǎn)）成分形式意義例句1在系動(dòng)詞后

表語(yǔ)現(xiàn)分doing一般表主動(dòng)或主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征“令人…”，一般修飾物moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing,missing,promisingThesituationisinspiring. Thenewsisexciting.過(guò)分done一般表被動(dòng)或主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)“感到…”，一般修飾人Moved,interested,discouraged,amused,astonished,frightened,excited,inspired,pleased,satisfied,worried,delighted,crowdedHelooksdisappointed.Thegatemustbekeptshutsothattheanimalsdonotescape.注：有些名詞，如100k（表情），expression（表情）,雖然不是指人，但是他們是從人的內(nèi)心表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的情感，也用過(guò)分做表語(yǔ)Hisexpressionlookspuzzled.典型例題十Itisbelievedthatifabookis ,itwillsurely thereader.A.interested;interestB.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interestLookingatthe fliesonthefood,thehousewifewas andtriedtodrivethemaway.A.annoying;annoyedB.annoying;annoying C.annoyed;annoyingD.annoyed;annoyed▲2單個(gè)的分詞放在名詞前，詞組放名詞之后（可以轉(zhuǎn)換為定從）現(xiàn)①一般式主動(dòng)doing與其邏輯主語(yǔ)間是主動(dòng)進(jìn)行關(guān)系Hetookaburningstickfromthefire.典型例題★Theflowers sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmell B.smelling C.smelt D.tobesmelt②一般式被動(dòng)beingdone與其邏輯主語(yǔ)間是被動(dòng)進(jìn)行關(guān)系Thehousebeingrepairedwasonfirelastnight.高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第1講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之分詞

定語(yǔ)分注意：①現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞表示的動(dòng)作是與句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，不能表示位于動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，即havingdone不做定語(yǔ)。如“我要踉那位打碎玻璃窗的男孩談?wù)劇?X)I'lltalkwiththeboybreaking/havingbrokenthewindow”，當(dāng)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作在試講上不一致時(shí)，不訥訥個(gè)用分詞的一般式。而要用定語(yǔ)從句“theboywhobrokethewindow.”②有些分詞還可放在形容詞前，用法相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞，等。burninghot,freezingcold過(guò)分done與其邏輯主語(yǔ)間是被動(dòng)完成關(guān)系去分詞修飾神態(tài)：terrifiedlook，frightenedvoiceTherewasalightedcandleatthecornerofthetable.MrSmithisamangreatlyrespectedbyhiscolleagues.WhatIsawinthedarkisafrightenedface.典型例題十Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknown B.havingbeenknown C.tobeknown D.knownThedisc,digitally inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recorded B.recording C.toberecorded D.havingrecorded▲3狀語(yǔ)常用作時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果及伴隨狀語(yǔ)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為狀從。但是伴隨狀語(yǔ)不能，可轉(zhuǎn)化為并列句。分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是句子的主語(yǔ)或分詞前面的名詞現(xiàn)分①一般式主動(dòng)doing分詞的動(dòng)作和位于動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生Hearingthenews,theyjumpedforjoy.（時(shí)間）=whentheyheardthenews,theyjumpedforjoy.Beingyoung,hewasenergetic.（原因）Theysatonthegrass,lookingatthesettingsun.（伴隨▲）=Theysatonthegrass,andlookedatthesettingsunHerparentsdied,leavingheralone.（▲結(jié)果，意料之中顯而易見(jiàn)的的結(jié)果）典型例題^①M(fèi)oreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays, advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.A.taking B.taken C.havingtaken D.havingbeentaken②Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage thegirlandtookheraway, intothewoods.A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第1講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之分詞3

②完成式主動(dòng)havingdone分詞的動(dòng)作限于位于動(dòng)詞發(fā)生Havingreceivedthefinalmedicalcheck,theastronautsboardedthespaceship.（時(shí)間）Havinglivedthereformorethanhalfayear,sheisfamiliarwiththecity.（原因）典型例題十① thatshedidn,tdoagoodjob,Idon,tthinkIamablerthanher.（2007陜西）A.TohavesaidB.Havingsaid C.Tosay D.Saying② areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.Nothavingreceived D.Havingnotreceived③完成式被動(dòng)havingbeendoneHavingbeenoperatedontheleg,thepatientwasmovedtotheward.（原因）典型例題★aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird,sNestforthe2008OlympicGames.（2008年陜西卷）A.Havingshown B.TobeshownC.Havingbeenshown D.Toshow過(guò)分done被動(dòng)/完成典型例題^Badlyinjured,thedriverlostconsciousness.（原因）Givenmoretime,Icoulddoitbetter.（條件）Heatedforawhile,waterwillturnintovapor.（條件）Contrastmaymakesomethingappearmorebeautifulthanitiswhen alone.A.seen B.seeing C.tobeseenD.havingbeenseen特殊情況：①分詞作狀語(yǔ)，分詞短語(yǔ)前有時(shí)還可以用連詞when,while,if,unless,once,until,though,asif,eventhough注：過(guò)分作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面的連詞可以沈略Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourtime.Don,tmentionitwhen/whiletalkingwithMary.Hewillnotcomeunlessinvited.Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingontheice.Leavethechickenintheovenuntilcookedtoabrowncolor.Mailedoutautomatically,thee-mailwillbereceivedbyalltheclubmembers.典型例題十Though money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lacked B.lackingof C.lacking D.lackedin高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第1講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之分詞4

②有些過(guò)分已經(jīng)形成了系表結(jié)構(gòu)，因此他們做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)與句子主語(yǔ)之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，但是仍然用過(guò)分作狀語(yǔ)這類(lèi)詞有dressed,tired,exhausted,seated,caught,disappointed, prepared,determined,devotedLostinthought,shenearlyranintoatree.（原因狀語(yǔ)）典型例題十Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome, .A.exhausting B.exhausted C.beingexhausted D.havingexhausted③有的分詞短語(yǔ)已經(jīng)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)固定用語(yǔ)generallyspeaking,comparativelyspeaking,roughlyspeaking,considering,regarding/viding,supposing,assuming,admitting,judgingfrom/by,talkingof,saving,Judgingfromhisappearance,hecan'tbeoverforty.Generallyspeaking,boysaremoreinterestedinsuchactivitiesthangirls.Talkingoflanguagelearning,communicationisofgreatimportance.▲4可以跟分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常用動(dòng)詞有see,lookat,notice,watch,observe,hear,listento,feel,smell,have,get,set,leave,keep,make,find補(bǔ)現(xiàn)分一般式主動(dòng)doing正在進(jìn)行/主動(dòng)Maryheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.Ifoundhimsitting/seatedatthebackoftheroom.Shesawherbabyplayingwiththeirpetdog.Don,tworry.I,llhavethecarwaitingforyou.*Theteachercaughthimcheatingintheexam.*Iwon,thaveyoutalkinglikethat.典型例題十Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother,svoice him.A.calling B.called C.beingcalled D.tocall語(yǔ)一般式被動(dòng)beingdone止在/被動(dòng)IheardanEnglishsongbeingsungbyalittlegirlwhenIpassedherroomyesterday.done已經(jīng)完成/被動(dòng)Ididn,trecognizehim,becausehehadhishaircut.Shesawapatientcarriedoutoftheroombythedoctors.高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第1講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之分詞5

過(guò)分Thepolicemannoticedthesmallkitchenwindowbroken.典型例題十ThoughIhaveoftenheardthissong ,Ihaveneverheardyou it.（1987廣東）A.beingsung;sung B.sang;singingC.sung;sing D.tobesung;tosing高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第1講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之分詞三獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)句：Walkingthroughthepark,theflowerslookedbeautiful.—Walkingthroughthepark,Isawsomebeautifulflowers.錯(cuò)句：Runningintothehouse,thedoorbangedaftertheboy.—Runningintothehouse,theboybangedthedoor.概念獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)名詞或代詞（作為邏輯主語(yǔ)），加上一個(gè)形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、不定式等在句中作狀語(yǔ)特點(diǎn).獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。.名詞或代詞與后面的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、不定式等存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)，但與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有所有格形式。如：Thechief-editorarriving,webeganthemeeting.主編來(lái)了，我們開(kāi)始開(kāi)會(huì)。比較動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：Thechief-editor,sarrivingmadeusverysurprised.形例句1名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞Themonitorbeingill,we,dbetterputthemeetingoff.典型例題^Somanydirectors ,theboardmeetinghadtobeputoff.A.wereabsentB.beenabsent C.hadbeenabsent D.beingabsent2名詞（代詞）+過(guò)去分詞Thelastbushavinggone,wehadtowalkhome.典型例題★ Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishands underhishead.A.tocross B.crossed C.crossing D.tobecrossing3名詞（代詞）+不定式Nobodytocometomorrow,wewillhavetoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.典型例題★ Somanypeople him,heissuretosucceed.A.help B.tohelp C.tobehelped D.helped4名詞（代詞）+介詞短語(yǔ) Agirlcamein,bookinhand.6

式（一般不用形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞）比較with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand.5名詞（代詞）+形容詞/副詞Hesatinthefrontrow,hismouthhalfopen.Shesatatthetable,collaroff,headdown,andpeninposition,readytobeginthelongletter.6Therebeing+名詞（代詞）Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.Therebeingnofurtherbusiness,Ideclarethemeetingclosed.7Itbeing+名詞（代詞）ItbeingChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.可以省略being（或havingbeen的結(jié)構(gòu)①邏輯主語(yǔ)+66m8+2田/2山瓜/介短/過(guò)分②邏輯主語(yǔ)+havingbeen+過(guò)分③邏輯主語(yǔ)+60畝8+不定式Theoldmansatinthesofa,hisface(being)serious.Thestorm(being)over,everythingwasinpeaceagain.Thethief(havingbeen)caught,theyfeltrelieved.Theydecidedtobyacar,Mike(being)topayhalfthemoney.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being（或havingbeen）不能省略：①獨(dú)立主格的邏輯主語(yǔ)是代詞。②在Therebeing+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.注意：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可在其前加上介詞withDon'tsleepwiththewindowsopen.Shecameinwithabookinherhand.Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.用法獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。1時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（可用完成時(shí)，表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前。）Theworkdone(=Aftertheworkhadbeendone),wewenthome.Thelistenershavingtakentheirseats,theconcertbegan.2條件狀語(yǔ)Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.典型例題十Moretime ,weshouldhavedonethejobmuchbetter.A.togive B.give C.beinggivenD.givenWeshallplaythematchtomorrow,weather .A.permits B.permitting C.topermit D.permitted3原因狀語(yǔ)Animportantlecturetobegiventomorrow(=Asanimportantlecturewill高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第1講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之分詞7

（可用完成時(shí)，表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前。）begiventomorrow),theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight典型例題★Theriver inthenight,thecrossingwasimpossible.A.torise B.rose C.havingrisen D.beingrisen4伴隨狀語(yǔ)Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead(=andhishandswerecrossedunderhishead).5補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明Ahuntercamein,hisfaceredwithcold(=andhisfacewasredwithcold).Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.注：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示時(shí)間、條件或原因時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，一般放在句首，表示原因時(shí)還可放在句末；表伴隨狀況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，通常放于句末。高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第1講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之分詞四獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法非謂語(yǔ)意義例句1名詞或代詞+不定式其中的不定式通常表示尚未發(fā)生或即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Nobodytocometomorrow,wewillhavetoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.Somanypeopletohelphim,heissuretosucceed.Wedividedthework,hetodeanthewindowandItosweepthefloor.典型例題十Animportantlecture giventomorrow,theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.A.tobe B.being C.been D.tohavebeen2名詞或代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞其中的現(xiàn)在分詞通常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)彳?。ɑ虍?dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。Sheranuptome,herhairflyinginthewind.Weexploredthecaves,Peteractingasaguide.Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.典型例題★Themonitor ill,we'dbetterputthemeetingoff.A.being B.tobe C.been D.tohavebeen3名詞或代詞+過(guò)去分詞其中的過(guò)去分詞通常表示被動(dòng)意義Everyonehelped,Johnnotexcepted.Alloursavingsgone,westartedlookingforjobs.Thisdone,theynextsettocleantheroom.典型例題★Allthings ,IthinkweoughttogivethejobtoGeorge.A.considered B.consideringC.toconsider D.beingconsidered全國(guó)高考非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞試題匯編(2011全國(guó)卷I) 1.Thenextthinghesawwassmokefrombehindthehouse.A.roseB,risingC.torise D.risen高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第1講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之分詞（2011全國(guó)卷II）Theisland,tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.A.joiningBtojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined（2011全國(guó)卷II）Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,nothingabouttheargument.高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第1講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之分詞（2011全國(guó)卷II）Theisland,tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.A.joiningBtojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined（2011全國(guó)卷II）Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,nothingabouttheargument.A.saysB:saidCtosayD.saying（2011北京卷）4.It,simportantforthefiguresregularly.A.tobeupatedB．tohavebeenupdatedC．toupdateDtohaveupdated（2011北京卷）5.Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,onyourfeet.A.tokeepB.keeping C.havingkeptD.tohavekept（2011（2011上海卷）6.It,snousewithouttakingaction.A.complainB.complaining C.beingcomplainedD.tobecomplained（2011上海卷）（2011上海卷）7.Therarefish,A.savedB.savingC.tobesaved D.havingsaved（2011上海卷）8.AtonepointImadeupmymindtotalktoUncleSam.ThenIchangedmymind,thathecoulddonothingtohelp.A.torealizeB.realizedC.realizingD.beingrealized（2011上海卷）（2011上海卷）9.Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…butweseemtheartofcommunicatingface-to-face.Aface-to-face.A.losingB.tobelosingC.tobelostD.havinglost（2011山東卷）Lookoverthere-there,saverylong,windingpathuptothehouse.A.leadingB（2011山東卷）Lookoverthere-there,saverylong,windingpathuptothehouse.A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead（2011江西卷）Onreceivingaphonecallfromhiswifeshehadafall,MrGordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromoffice.A.saysoffice.A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay（2011江蘇卷）（2011江蘇卷）12.Recentlyasurveypricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.A.comparedB.compairingC.comparesD.beingcompared（2011安徽卷）13.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasierintosmallpieces.A.comparedB.compairingC.comparesD.beingcompared（2011安徽卷）13.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasierintosmallpieces.A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak（2011浙江卷）14.Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselvesforwords.A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost（2011浙江卷）15.Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecitybytheirenthusiasticsupporters．高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第1講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之分詞A.beingcheeredB.becheeredC.tobecheered D．werecheered（2011福建卷）16.TsinghuaUniversity,in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfiguresA.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded（2011福建卷）17.ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortableA．heldB．holdingC.beheldD.tohold（2011四川卷）18.Lydiadoesn,tfeellikeabroad. Herparentsareold.A.studyB.studyingC．