語法專題2：名詞

1、高中英語語法專題指導(dǎo)課件,名 詞,1、不可數(shù)名詞的特點(diǎn) 2、可數(shù)名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù); 3、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語及轉(zhuǎn)換； 4、名詞作定語； 5、名詞的搭配; 6、名詞的所有格 7、詞語辨析；,高考考點(diǎn)分析,不可數(shù)名詞的特點(diǎn),(1)Tables are made of _. (84全國) A. wood B. woods C. wooden D. some woods(2)Father went to his doctor for _about his heart trouble. (87全國) A. an advice B. adviceC. advices D. the advices (3)

2、He gained his _by printing _of famous writers. (95全國) A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works,(1) 沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式； (2) 不能直接在前面加不定冠詞；,(3) 表示其數(shù)量不能直接在前面加數(shù)詞，而要用a piece of之類 的結(jié)構(gòu)。,A,B,D,(1) Dr Smith is going to pull out one of my _. (86全國) A. teeth B. tooth C. teeths D. toothes (2) _tur

3、n green in spring. (86全國)A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves(3)_will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. A. The Evens B. The Evens (93上海) C. The Evenses D. The Evenses,當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)大于一時要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 特殊用法,A,D,C,2、可數(shù)名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù),專有名詞的復(fù)數(shù)與定冠詞the連用，常用來表示“一家人”或某某夫婦。如： - Who did you spend last weekend

4、 with? - _. (98上海) A PalmersB The Palmers C The PalmersD The Palmers,專有名詞的所有格與定冠詞the連用，常用來表示某某的家。如： - Where did you go last weekend ? - _. A PalmersB The Palmers C The PalmersD The Palmers,一般情況加 -s1.清輔音后讀/s/ map-maps book-books 2.濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/ bag-bags car-cars,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(1),以s, sh, ch, x 等結(jié)尾的詞加 -es b

5、us-buses watch-watches 但如果以 ch 結(jié)尾的名詞發(fā)音為 k時，只加 s。 stomach stomachs,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(2),以y 結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，直接加-s變復(fù)數(shù) two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays,以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y 為i 再加es party-parties baby-babies,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(3),以f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時： a. 加-s 讀 /s/ roof-roofs b. 去f, fe 加-ves half-halve

6、sknife-knives 讀 /vz/ leaf-leaves wolf-wolves life-lives thief-thieves c. 均可 handkerchief - handkerchiefs / handkerchieves hoof-hoofs/hooves,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(4),some tomatoes,some potatoes,some heroes,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(5),以下單詞以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾，加 es,其他單詞所有+o結(jié)尾，直接加s radio-radios，photo-s,some Negroes,foot - feet,child - child

7、ren,tooth - teeth,mouse - mice,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(1),goose-geese ox-oxen,man - men,woman - women,men doctors,women teachers,one sheep,two sheep,a Japanese,several Japanese,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(2):單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同,one fish 一條魚,fishes 不同種類的魚各種各樣的魚,three fish 三條魚,some fish一些魚肉,可數(shù)名詞,不可數(shù)名詞,deer-deer means-means series-series speci

8、es-species,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞 的修飾語及轉(zhuǎn)換,A,B,D,B,A,1.I need_ cloth, for Im hoping to make _clothes. (93上海)A. a lot of; many B. much; much C. many; many D. plenty of; a lot 2.We waited _ for the bus. (95全國)A. long time B. a long time C. the long time D. some long time3._work has been done to improve the peoples

9、 living standard. (85) A . Many B.A great many C. A large number of D. A great deal of4. The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _pictures of them. (03上海) A. many of B. a number of C. the number of D. a large amount of5.Many people agree that _of English is a mus

10、t in international trade today. (96) A. a knowledge B. knowledges C. knowledge D. the knowledge,名詞的修飾語,只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有each, either, neither, another, these, those, both, (a) few, several, many, a great /good many, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等。,2. 只能修飾不可數(shù)的有(a) little, much, a bit of, a great d

11、eal of, a large amount of等。3. 既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有some, any, half, most, all,a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, quantities of等。,不可數(shù)名詞與可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換,1. 有些物質(zhì)名詞表示不同種類時可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如fishes, fruits, teas, all weathers。2. 有些抽象名詞表示具體的事物時，是可數(shù)名詞。如, shame/ pity(憾事), interest(樂事), pleasure(樂事), surprise(意外

12、事), disappointment(令人失望的人或事), success (成功的人或事), difficulty (難事)等。,3. 表示“一場/段/件/種”時，要用a或an，此時多有形容詞或of短語修飾。 如a fine rain(一陣細(xì)雨),a heavy snow(一場大雪), a long time(很長一段時間)。 4. 表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea, coffee, drink, beer等，可以用a(n)或數(shù)詞修飾，也有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如two teas and a coffee(兩杯茶和一杯咖啡)； 5. 有的名詞可數(shù)與否由意思而定。如： paper glass time exe

13、rcise experience room,名詞作定語,1.The village is far away from here indeed. Its _walk.(04上海春) A. a four hourB. a four hours C. a four-hoursD. a four hours 2. The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it.(01北京春) A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shopD. bicycless shop 3. It took us quit

14、e a long time to get here. It was _ journey.（05北京春） A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours,一般用單數(shù)形式。如a story book，a shoe shop.,D,B,C,2. sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等只用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如 a sports meet ,customs house(海關(guān)),a sales manager(營業(yè)主任) 3.數(shù)詞+名詞”作定語,若有連字符，名詞用單數(shù)；若無連字符， 名詞用

15、所有格。,名詞的搭配及辨析,1.Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. (N 19993) A. way B. choice C. possibilityD. selection 2.I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction.（05浙江卷） Aidea Bfeeling Cexperience DSense 3. Bill was doing a lot of physi

16、cal exercise to build up his_. （05天津卷） A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind,問題2 At a rough estimate, Nigeria is_ Great Britain. （05上海卷） A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of,常用倍數(shù)表示法 1)倍數(shù)+the +名詞+ of + 對象 Yaoming is _ me. 2)倍

17、數(shù)+as+原級+as+對象 Yaoming is _ me. 3)倍數(shù)+比較級+than+對象 Yaoming is _ me. 4)比較級+than+對象+by+倍數(shù) Yaoming is _.,twice the height of,twice as tall as,once taller than,taller than me by once,1.Miss Smith is a friend of_. (1983全國) A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers 2. Wheres your br

18、other? At _. (1986全國) A. Mr. Greens B. Mr. Green C. the Mr. Greens D. the Mr. Green 3._ of Mrs Whites came back home yesterday. She had been in the United States for years. A. A daughter B. The daughter C. Her daughter D. daughter,名詞的所有格,A,A,A,名詞的所有格有兩種形式：s式和of式。一般說來，表示有生命 的名詞和表示時間、國家、距離等的名詞的所有格用s，如 Marys mother