新視野大學英語三unit8 section A

1、.,New Horizon College English Book 3新視野大學英語3,School of Foreign Studies 外國語學院 Li Xixin,.,Warming UP,1.DO you know the Man and the sheep?,2.How was Dolly cloned?,3. How many animals have been Cloned ?,4.How is a baby born traditionally?,In traditional reproduction, a child gets half its genes from its

2、 MOTHER (in her egg) and half from its FATHER (in his sperm). ZYGOTE受精卵 SPERM精子 EMBRYO胚胎,5.HOW IS A HUMAN BEING CLONED?,.,Unit 8,Section A Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning,Contents,Examples: 1.I resent your implication that my work is unsatisfactory. 2. I know that the company is cutting back

3、 its spending, but Im not sure what the implications are for our department.,1. implication n. something that is suggested；含義；暗示 C (usu. pl.) a possible effect or result |可能的影響（或后果）,I. New Words,含義；暗示,可能的影響,2. plain adv. 1)used to emphasize an adj. or adv. Usually referring to a bad quality 2) clear

4、ly visible; simple,I. New Words,Jane was just plain silly to have given your QQ number to him. 簡把你的QQ號給他，簡直傻透了。 The meaning of the sentence is very plain. 這句句子的意思十分清楚,Example,3.generate vt. cause something to exist; produce,I. New Words,Example,我們希望這筆投資帶來更高的收入,We hope the investment may generate hig

5、her incomes,4. mount vi. increase in amount or degree,I. New Words,Example,隨著兒童節(jié)臨近，孩子們越來越興奮。,The childrens excitement is mounting as the Childrens Day is approaching.,5. intact adj. complete and not damaged,I. New Words,Example,內放精致物品的包裹完好無損地到達。,The delicate package arrived intact.,6. resemble vt. l

6、ook or be alike esp. in appearance,I. New Words,Example,你非常像你的母親。,You resemble your mother very closely.,7. deliberate adj. doing something on purpose,I. New Words,Example,The group decided to commit several acts of deliberate violence. |,這伙人打算制造幾起蓄意暴力事件。,Contents,Main idea of the text:,When a world

7、 with human clones was suddenly within reach, peoples reactions to it were strong and varied. They puzzled over a number of questions about the legal and moral implications that had arisen from cloning.,writing device: listing it was only after he went to college that he came to life. 上中小學的時候，他還是個安靜

8、的孩子，只是上了大學之后他才活躍起來。,Example,Part II (Para. 2-3):Responses,Passage Reading,Language points Questions,Part II Responses 1. President Clinton ordered; 2. Leaders in Europe began,Paras. 2-3 In the wake of Wilmuts announcement, governments hurried to draft guidelines for the unknown, a future filled with

9、 incredible possibilities. President Clinton ordered a national commission to study the legal and moral implications of cloning. Leaders in Europe, where most nations already prohibit human cloning, began examining the moral implications of cloning other species. Like the Theory of Relativity, the s

10、plitting of the atom, and the first space flight, Dollys appearance has generated a long list of difficult puzzles for scientists, politicians, and philosophers. And wild questions on the topic of cloning continue to mount.,1. in the wake of happening after an event or as a result of it 隨著.而來；作 為.的結

11、果,Example,There were a lot of fallen trees in the wake of the storm. 暴風雨之后，很多樹倒了。 The president submitted resignation in the wake of a scandal. 總統(tǒng)在丑聞曝光后提出辭職,A. Language points,2. draft guidelines for : 為起草指導方針,Example,A. Language points,Draft a proposal and we can discuss it at the meeting before an

12、y decisions are made. 先起草一份提案，然后開會討論一下再做決定。,Passage Reading,Part III (Para 4-18): Six puzzles,Language points Questions,Part III Puzzle 1 Why would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place?,Paras. 4-5 Why would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place? The human cloning sit

13、uations that experts consider most frequently fall into two broad categories: 1) parents who want to clone a child, either to provide transplants for a dying child or to replace that child, and 2) adults who for a variety of reasons might want to clone themselves.,in the first place 1) at first; at

14、the beginning 一開始；起初 2) firstly |首先，第一,Example,How did life arise in the first place? 生命最初是怎樣起源的？ In the first place, we must build up confidence. 首先,我們必須建立自信。,A. Language points,2.fall into be divided into; belong to 可分成；屬于,Example,The book falls into the class of childrens stories. 這本書屬于兒童故事一類。,A.

15、 Language points,Part III Puzzle 2 Will it be possible to clone the dead?,Paras. 6-7 Will it be possible to clone the dead? Perhaps, if the body is fresh, says one expert. The cloning method used by Wilmuts lab requires combining an egg cell with the nucleus of a cell containing the DNA of the perso

16、n to be cloned. (DNA is a very long, ribbon-like molecule that contains our genetic information.) And that means that the nucleus must be intact. Cells die and the cell nucleus begins to break apart after death. But, yes, in theory at least it might be possible,nucleus C (pl. nuclei) the central par

17、t of a living cell 細胞核,Example,Do you think this transplanted nucleus will support the normal development of the egg? 你認為這個被移植的細胞核有利于該卵的正常發(fā)育嗎？,A. Language points,Part III Puzzle 3 Would a cloned human be identical to the original?,Paras. 8-9 Would a cloned human be identical to the original? Identic

18、al genes dont produce identical people, as anyone who knows a set of identical twins can tell you. In fact, twins are more alike than clones would be, since they have at least shared the same environment within the mother, are usually raised in the same family, and so forth. Parents could clone a se

19、cond child who resembled their first in appearance, but all the evidence suggests the two would have very different personalities. Twins separated at birth do sometimes share personality characteristics, but such characteristics in a cloned son or daughter would only be reminders of the child who wa

20、s lost.,be identical to/with exactly the same as 與.一模一樣,Example,I cant see any difference between these two pens. They simply look identical to each other. 我看不出這兩支筆有什么不同。 My opinion is identical with his. 我的意見和他的一樣。,A. Language points,Part III Puzzle 3 Would a cloned human be identical to the origin

21、al?,Para. 10 Even in terms of biology, a clone would not be identical to the “master copy”. The clones cells, for example, would have energy-processing machinery that came from the egg, not from the person who was cloned. But most of the physical differences between originals and copies are so minor

22、 that detection of them would require a sophisticated laboratory. The one possible exception is bearing children. Wilmut and his coworkers are not sure that Dolly will be able to have lambs. They will try to find out once shes old enough to breed.,1.in terms of adv. 根據(jù), 按照, 用.的話, 在.方面,Example,He tho

23、ught of everything in terms of money. 他是從錢的角度來看每一件事。 The figures are expressed in terms of a percentage/in percentage terms 那些數(shù)字是以百分數(shù)表示的.,A. Language points,1.machinery n. 1) A system of related elements that operate in a definable manner體系, 機構 2) machines or machine parts considered as a group 機器機器

24、或機器零件的總稱,Example,the machinery of government 政府機構 machinery for dealing with complaints 處理申訴的機構 The machinery in the factory consists of several different kinds of machines. 工廠里的機械設備包括許多種不同的機器。,A. Language points,Part III Puzzle 4 What if parents decided to clone a child in order to harvest organs?,

25、Paras. 11-12 What if parents decided to clone a child in order to harvest organs? Most experts agree that it would be psychologically harmful if a child sensed he had been brought into the world simply as an organ donor. But some parents already produce second children with nonfatal transplants in m

26、ind, and many experts do not oppose this. Cloning would increase the chances for a tissue match from 25 percent to nearly 100 percent.,Part III Puzzle 4 What if parents decided to clone a child in order to harvest organs?,Para. 13 If cloned animals could be used as organ donors, we wouldnt have to w

27、orry about cloning twins for transplants. Pigs, for example, have organs similar in size to humans. But the human body attacks and destroys tissue from other species. To get around that, one company is trying to alter the pigs genetic code to prevent pig organs from being attacked. If the companys t

28、echnicians succeed, it may be more efficient to produce such pigs by cloning than by current methods.,What if. What would happen if. 要是.怎么辦,Example,What if your plan doesnt work? 要是你的計劃不管用怎么辦？ What if we go and see a film tomorrow night? 明天晚上我們去看電影怎么樣?,A. Language points,2.with. in mind while thinki

29、ng about sb. or sth. 考慮到某人（事),Example,Mary is studying hard with a good grade in mind. 瑪麗因心中想得高分正用功學習。 The Movie Garfield hit theaters with one goal in mind: cracking wise. 加菲貓在影院公映只有一個目的:逗樂。,A. Language points,3.to get around to find a way of dealing with a problem 成功地解決；克服,Example,Can we get aroun

30、d this issue? 我們能避開這個話題 There are several ways to get around this problem. 處理這個問題有幾種方式。,A. Language points,Part III Puzzle 5 How would a human clone refer to the donor of its DNA?,Paras. 14-15 How would a human clone refer to the donor of its DNA? “Mom” is not right, because the woman or women who s

31、upplied the egg and gave birth to the infant would more appropriately be called Mother. “Dad” isnt right, either. A traditional father supplies only half the DNA in a child. Judith Martin, in her writings under the name of “Miss Manners”, suggests the phrase, “Most honored sir or madam”. Why? “One s

32、hould always respect ones ancestors,” she says, “regardless of what they did to bring one into the world.”,Part III Puzzle 6 What are the other implications of cloning for society?,Paras. 16 That still leaves some confusion over vocabulary. The editorial director of one dictionary says that the noun

33、 “clonee” may sound like a good term, but its not clear enough. Instead, he prefers “original” and “copy”. Paras. 17-18 What are the other implications of cloning for society?,We had referred to him as a dear friend. 我們稱他為親愛的朋友。 In his speech, he referred to his recent trip to London. 在他的講話中，他提到他最近的

34、倫敦之旅。,refer to 1). use a particular word, expression, or name to mention or describe sb. or sth. 稱呼，叫 2). mention a particular subject or person |提及，談到,Example,A. Language points,He is more concerned about others than about himself. 他關心別人比關心自己還重。,2. be concerned about be worried about; care about,Ex

35、ample,A. Language points,A fire is comparable with the sun; both give light and heat. 火可以和太陽相比， 兩者均可放出光和熱。 No horse has a speed comparable to that of his. 沒有一匹馬的速度能比得上他的馬。 Man and ape have comparable anatomies. 人類與人猿有類似的構造。,2. Be comparable to 1) admitting of comparison with another or others可相比（wit

36、h）; 比得上的（to） 2) similar or equivalent相似或相當,Example,A. Language points,I spent hours puzzling over the theme of the poem. 我對這首詩的主題想了幾個小時。 I puzzled over his intention, not knowing what I should do. 我苦苦思考他的用心，不知道自己該怎么辦。,3. puzzle over think hard about; find the answer by thinking hard 絞盡腦汁；冥思苦想,Exampl

37、e,A. Language points,Part IV(Para.19):,Passage Reading,Language points Questions,Reiteration（重申法）,Part IV Reiteration（重申法）,The gravest concern isnt really cloning itself, but genetic engineeringthe deliberate altering of genes to create human beings according to certain requirements. Specifically, some experts are concerned about the creation of a new (and disrespected) social class: “the clones”. One expert believes the situation could be comparable to what occurred in the 16th century, when Europeans puzzled over how to classify the unfamiliar inhabitants of the Americas, and endlessly deba